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Abstract(s)
A propagação de discursos de ódio online constitui um dos grandes desafios da atualidade que emergiram com o desenvolvimento das novas tecnologias. Apesar de existir já uma vasta literatura sobre o fenómeno, os estudos tendem a focar-se nos agressores ou vítimas, sendo escassos os estudos dedicados ao papel dos espectadores (bystanders). A presente dissertação de mestrado procura contribuir para colmatar esta lacuna, através de um estudo exploratório que visa caracterizar o tipo, frequência e finalidade da utilização das redes sociais; as estratégias e motivações dos utilizadores para o ativismo digital; e as atitudes e comportamentos dos espectadores face aos discursos de ódio online. A metodologia utilizada consistiu numa abordagem quantitativa que se materializou no desenvolvimento e aplicação do Questionário de Comportamentos e Atitudes dos Utilizadores de Redes Sociais Face a Discursos de Ódio. O estudo contou com 211 participantes, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 30 anos. Os resultados deste estudo indicam alguns fatores que parecem estar associados ao comportamento bystander face a discursos de ódio online (e.g., o medo de sofrer retaliações ou desaprovação por parte dos outros; o risco de piorar a situação ou acabar por ser alvo da violência e a incerteza sobre a forma mais eficaz de resolver a situação), e que deverão ser tidos em conta na elaboração de programas de prevenção do comportamento bystander nas redes sociais.
The propagation of hate speech online is one of today's great challenges that emerged with the development of new technologies. Although a vast literature on the phenomenon already exists, studies tend to focus on the aggressors or victims, with few studies dedicated to the role of bystanders. This master's thesis seeks to contribute to fill this gap, through an exploratory study that aims to characterize the type, frequency and purpose of the use of social networks; the strategies and motivations of users for digital activism; and the attitudes and behaviors of bystanders towards online hate speech. The methodology used consisted of a quantitative approach that materialized in the development and application of the Questionnaire on Social Media Users' Behaviors and Attitudes towards Hate Speech. The study had 211 participants, aged between 18 and 30 years old. The results of this study indicate some factors that seem to be associated with bystander behavior towards hate speech online (e.g., fear of retaliation or disapproval from others; risk of worsening the situation or ending up as a target of violence; and uncertainty about the most effective way to resolve the situation), which should be taken into account when designing programs to prevent bystander behavior on social networks.
The propagation of hate speech online is one of today's great challenges that emerged with the development of new technologies. Although a vast literature on the phenomenon already exists, studies tend to focus on the aggressors or victims, with few studies dedicated to the role of bystanders. This master's thesis seeks to contribute to fill this gap, through an exploratory study that aims to characterize the type, frequency and purpose of the use of social networks; the strategies and motivations of users for digital activism; and the attitudes and behaviors of bystanders towards online hate speech. The methodology used consisted of a quantitative approach that materialized in the development and application of the Questionnaire on Social Media Users' Behaviors and Attitudes towards Hate Speech. The study had 211 participants, aged between 18 and 30 years old. The results of this study indicate some factors that seem to be associated with bystander behavior towards hate speech online (e.g., fear of retaliation or disapproval from others; risk of worsening the situation or ending up as a target of violence; and uncertainty about the most effective way to resolve the situation), which should be taken into account when designing programs to prevent bystander behavior on social networks.
Description
Keywords
Espectadores Jovens adultos Redes sociais Discurso de ódio Bystanders Yyoung adults Social networks Hate speech