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Abstract(s)
Durante o processo de desenvolvimento, os seres humanos vêm-se obrigados a enfrentar uma variedade de desafios e situações de elevada adversidade. Todavia, cada indivíduo apresenta diferentes perspetivas na perceção dessas experiências e na adoção de estratégias de coping para enfrentar as consequências negativas de tais situações. A presente investigação tem como objetivo averiguar quais as experiências que os estudantes do ensino superior portugueses identificam como sendo de elevada adversidade e conhecer as estratégias de coping que tendencialmente adotam para lidar com estas experiências. A amostra foi recolhida através de um questionário online, disseminado durante os meses de Maio e Junho de 2024, tendo como alvo, indivíduos de qualquer género, com idades entre 18 e 30 anos, estudantes do ensino superior que não estivessem a cursar Psicologia. Um total de 154 participantes acederam ao questionário, no entanto, para análise descritiva das variáveis sociodemográfica apenas 57 participantes foram incluídos. Por não cumprirem os critérios de inclusão e por termos obtido um número considerável de valores omissos, a amostra analítica totalizou 36 participantes. Como método de recolha de dados, utilizamos um questionário realizado pela equipa de investigação, desenvolvido na plataforma Qualtrics, que integra os questionários Check List de Experiências de Elevada Adversidade e Brief COPE. A informação quantitativa foi analisada com recurso ao SPSS (Versão 28.0), realizando-se análises descritivas das variáveis e averiguando-se a relação entre estas com diferentes testes estatísticos não paramétricos: Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney e Teste Exato de Fisher. Neste âmbito, as experiências mais frequentemente reportadas pelos estudantes incidiram no término de relações amorosas (16.7%), exposição a violência intrafamiliar (13.9%) e pandemia de Covid-19 (13.9%). Com relação às estratégias de coping, verificamos que a autodistração é a estratégia mais utilizada pelos estudantes para lidar com as experiências mais frequentemente vivenciadas em detrimento da negação. Porém, a adoção da estratégia Humor evidenciou uma média superior para a experiência adversa Covid-19, por comparação com a experiência Término de relações amorosas e Exposição a violência intrafamiliar, constituindo-se esta, como a única diferença estatisticamente significativa (p=.032). Apuramos ainda que, os estudantes percecionam as estratégias que adotam como eficazes, destacando-se adoção das estratégias reinterpretação positiva (Mediana=4.00), humor (Mediana=3.00) e autoculpabilização (Mediana= 2.50). E que, cerca de 86.1% dos participantes consideraram que o fator idade influenciou a adoção de estratégias de coping. Em conclusão, os resultados deste estudo indicam que as estratégias de coping adotadas pelos estudantes variam em função do tipo de experiência adversa vivida, mas não variam significativamente entre géneros ou faixas etárias. Ao que consideramos que, os estudantes demonstram flexibilidade ao adaptar as suas estratégias de coping em função da adversidade enfrentada, podendo este ser interpretado como um indicador positivo de resiliência e capacidade de adaptação.
During the developmental process, humans are forced to face a variety of challenges and situations of high adversity. However, each individual has different perspectives on the perception of these experiences and the adoption of coping strategies to deal with the negative consequences of such situations. The present research aims to investigate which experiences Portuguese higher education students identify as being of high adversity and to understand the coping strategies they tend to adopt to deal with these experiences. The sample was collected through an online questionnaire, disseminated during the months of May and June 2024, targeting individuals of any gender, aged between 18 and 30 years old, non-Psychology students in higher education. A total of 154 participants accessed the questionnaire, however, for descriptive analysis of sociodemographic variables, only 57 participants were included. Due to not meeting the inclusion criteria and obtaining a considerable number of missing values, the final analytical sample totaled 36 participants. As a method of data collection, we used a questionnaire developed by the research team, implemented on the Qualtrics platform, which includes the Check List of High Adversity Experiences and the Brief COPE questionnaire. The quantitative information was analyzed using SPSS (Version 28.0), conducting descriptive analyses of the variables and investigating the relationship between them with different non-parametric statistical tests: Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and Fisher's Exact Test. In this context, the experiences most frequently reported by students focused on the end of romantic relationships (16.7%), exposure to intrafamily violence (13.9%), and the Covid-19 pandemic (13.9%). Regarding coping strategies, we found that self-distraction is the most used strategy by students to deal with the most frequently adverse experiences lived, instead of denial. However, the adoption of the Humor strategy showed a higher average for the adverse experience Covid-19, compared to the End of romantic relationships and Exposure to intrafamily violence experiences, with this being the only statistically significant difference (p=.032). We also found that students perceive the strategies they adopt as effective, with the reinterpreting positive strategy (Median=4.00), humor (Median=3.00), and self-blame (Median=2.50) standing out. And that, about 86.1% of the participants considered that age influenced the adoption of coping strategies. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that the coping strategies adopted by students vary depending on the type of adverse experience lived, but do not vary significantly between genders or age groups. This suggests that students demonstrate flexibility in adapting their coping strategies based on the adversity faced, which can be interpreted as a positive indicator of resilience and adaptability.
During the developmental process, humans are forced to face a variety of challenges and situations of high adversity. However, each individual has different perspectives on the perception of these experiences and the adoption of coping strategies to deal with the negative consequences of such situations. The present research aims to investigate which experiences Portuguese higher education students identify as being of high adversity and to understand the coping strategies they tend to adopt to deal with these experiences. The sample was collected through an online questionnaire, disseminated during the months of May and June 2024, targeting individuals of any gender, aged between 18 and 30 years old, non-Psychology students in higher education. A total of 154 participants accessed the questionnaire, however, for descriptive analysis of sociodemographic variables, only 57 participants were included. Due to not meeting the inclusion criteria and obtaining a considerable number of missing values, the final analytical sample totaled 36 participants. As a method of data collection, we used a questionnaire developed by the research team, implemented on the Qualtrics platform, which includes the Check List of High Adversity Experiences and the Brief COPE questionnaire. The quantitative information was analyzed using SPSS (Version 28.0), conducting descriptive analyses of the variables and investigating the relationship between them with different non-parametric statistical tests: Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and Fisher's Exact Test. In this context, the experiences most frequently reported by students focused on the end of romantic relationships (16.7%), exposure to intrafamily violence (13.9%), and the Covid-19 pandemic (13.9%). Regarding coping strategies, we found that self-distraction is the most used strategy by students to deal with the most frequently adverse experiences lived, instead of denial. However, the adoption of the Humor strategy showed a higher average for the adverse experience Covid-19, compared to the End of romantic relationships and Exposure to intrafamily violence experiences, with this being the only statistically significant difference (p=.032). We also found that students perceive the strategies they adopt as effective, with the reinterpreting positive strategy (Median=4.00), humor (Median=3.00), and self-blame (Median=2.50) standing out. And that, about 86.1% of the participants considered that age influenced the adoption of coping strategies. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that the coping strategies adopted by students vary depending on the type of adverse experience lived, but do not vary significantly between genders or age groups. This suggests that students demonstrate flexibility in adapting their coping strategies based on the adversity faced, which can be interpreted as a positive indicator of resilience and adaptability.
Description
Keywords
Experiência de elevada adversidade Estratégias de coping Estudantes do ensino superior Highly adverse experiences Coping strategies College students