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Abstract(s)
A família é a célula base da sociedade, olhá-la sistemicamente implica ter uma visão
da sua estrutura e do seu desenvolvimento (Alarcão, 2000). Atendendo à sua natureza
sistémica, dinâmica e complexa, os aspetos afetivos, relacionais, educativos e de
responsabilidade parental assumem especial importância na atenção que os Serviços de
Apoio lhes prestam. Nesta linha, os Centros de Apoio Familiar e de Aconselhamento
Parental (CAFAP) surgem como mecanismos especializados de apoio à família, onde é
reconhecida a necessidade de desenvolverem uma intervenção especializada direcionada às
famílias em situação de risco psicossocial. É a partir do contributo da teoria dos sistemas
complexos adaptativos que o presente estudo se desenvolve (Burnes, 2005), utilizando-a
para compreender o modo como as transformações acontecem nas famílias, enquanto
sistema complexo, e de que forma como nos podemos envolver (CAFAP e Técnicos
Interventores) para que a mudança ocorra (Byrne, 2005).
O presente estudo, de natureza qualitativa e exploratória, tem como objetivo explorar
as perceções dos técnicos sobre as características existentes na estrutura organizacional dos
Centros de Apoio Familiar e de Aconselhamento Parental (CAFAP), nas competências dos
técnicos interventores e nas características das famílias que potenciem ou constranjam o
sucesso na intervenção. A amostra de conveniência, foi recrutada nos CAFAP do distrito
de Lisboa, com Acordo de Cooperação com o Centro Distrital de Segurança Social de
Lisboa (ISS, IP), com intervenção nas modalidades Preservação Familiar e Reunificação
Familiar. Participaram na investigação 15 técnicos (N=15) maioritariamente do sexo
feminino (14), com idades compreendidas entre os 26 e os 56 anos (M = 35,46; DP = 7,8).
Os instrumentos de recolha de dados incluíram a entrevista semi-estruturada e a ficha
técnica síntese, construída especificamente para este estudo. Os dados recolhidos foram
analisados através do método de análise temática e com recurso ao software Nvivo. Os
resultados revelaram que as dimensões mais referidas como fatores potenciadores de
sucesso na intervenção foram os Técnicos Interventores (competências-chave, princípios
orientadores e valores) e a Estrutura CAFAP (princípios orientadores e suporte às equipas),
seguidos das Famílias (essencialmente o foco na mudança). No que respeita aos fatores
constrangedores as próprias Famílias surgem como a dimensão mais representada (características funcionais, desafios e adesão à intervenção). Ainda como fatores constrangedores surgiram o papel do CAFAP, a constituição das equipas e o espaço físico
da intervenção, assim como a articulação com as entidades parceiras, os recursos
(insuficientes e desajustados no tempo) e a (in)definição de papeís. A qualificação da
intervenção, o redimensionamento das equipas, assim como a necessidade de princípios
orientadores a balizarem a intervenção foram os aspetos apontados pelos participantes
como caminho futuro para os CAFAP. São discutidas algumas limitações do estudo e
implicações para investigações futuras.
The family is the base cell of society, looking at it systematically implies having a vision of its structure and its development (Alarcão, 2000). Given their systemic, dynamic and complex nature, affective, relational, educational and parental responsibility aspects are particularly important in the care provided by the Support Services. In this line, the Family Support and Parental Counseling Centers (CAFAP) appear as specialized support mechanisms for the family, where the need to develop a specialized intervention directed at families at a psychosocial risk is recognized. It is from the contribution of the theory of adaptive complex systems that the present study develops (Burnes, 2005), using it to understand how transformations happen in families as a complex system, and how we can get involved ( CAFAP and professionals) for the change to occur (Burnes, 2005). The current qualitative and exploratory study aims to explore the perceptions of professionals working on Family Support and Parental Counseling Center (CAFAP) regarding features of the organizational structure, professionals’ abilities and families’ features that facilitate or constrain the intervention’s success. The sample of the convenience was recruited on CAFAP, who have an established Cooperation Agreement with the Instituto da Segurança Social (Social Security Institute), and working on Family Preservation and Family Reunification, located in the Lisbon District. The participants included 15 (N=15) professionals, mainly female (14), aged 26 to 56 years-old (M = 35,46; SD = 7,8). The data collection instruments included a semi-structured interview and a brief technical file sheet specifically conceived for this study. The collected data were analyzed by the method of thematic analysis and using the Nvivo software. The results revealed that most dimensions referred to as factors of success in the intervention were Professionals (key-skills, guiding principles and personal values) and the CAFAP’s Structure (guiding principles and team support) followed families (essentially the focus on change). Regarding constrain factors, families themselves were the most mentioned by participants (functional features, challenges and adherence to intervention). Also mentioned as constraining factors were CAFAP’s role, teambuilding and intervention’s physical space, partnerships’ liaison, resources (insufficient and misfits in time) and the blurring of papers. The most highlighted aspects mentioned by participants as being CAFAP’s future path were the interventions’ qualification, the (re)dimensioning of teams, and the need for guidelines to provide guidance to the intervention. Are also discussed some limitations of the study and future researches are necessary to test these results in larger samples and different contexts.
The family is the base cell of society, looking at it systematically implies having a vision of its structure and its development (Alarcão, 2000). Given their systemic, dynamic and complex nature, affective, relational, educational and parental responsibility aspects are particularly important in the care provided by the Support Services. In this line, the Family Support and Parental Counseling Centers (CAFAP) appear as specialized support mechanisms for the family, where the need to develop a specialized intervention directed at families at a psychosocial risk is recognized. It is from the contribution of the theory of adaptive complex systems that the present study develops (Burnes, 2005), using it to understand how transformations happen in families as a complex system, and how we can get involved ( CAFAP and professionals) for the change to occur (Burnes, 2005). The current qualitative and exploratory study aims to explore the perceptions of professionals working on Family Support and Parental Counseling Center (CAFAP) regarding features of the organizational structure, professionals’ abilities and families’ features that facilitate or constrain the intervention’s success. The sample of the convenience was recruited on CAFAP, who have an established Cooperation Agreement with the Instituto da Segurança Social (Social Security Institute), and working on Family Preservation and Family Reunification, located in the Lisbon District. The participants included 15 (N=15) professionals, mainly female (14), aged 26 to 56 years-old (M = 35,46; SD = 7,8). The data collection instruments included a semi-structured interview and a brief technical file sheet specifically conceived for this study. The collected data were analyzed by the method of thematic analysis and using the Nvivo software. The results revealed that most dimensions referred to as factors of success in the intervention were Professionals (key-skills, guiding principles and personal values) and the CAFAP’s Structure (guiding principles and team support) followed families (essentially the focus on change). Regarding constrain factors, families themselves were the most mentioned by participants (functional features, challenges and adherence to intervention). Also mentioned as constraining factors were CAFAP’s role, teambuilding and intervention’s physical space, partnerships’ liaison, resources (insufficient and misfits in time) and the blurring of papers. The most highlighted aspects mentioned by participants as being CAFAP’s future path were the interventions’ qualification, the (re)dimensioning of teams, and the need for guidelines to provide guidance to the intervention. Are also discussed some limitations of the study and future researches are necessary to test these results in larger samples and different contexts.
Description
Keywords
CAFAP Técnicos Famílias Sistemas complexos Intervenção Sucesso Fatores potenciadores Fatores constrangedores Professionals Families Complex systems Intervention Success Facilitating factors Constraining factors