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Abstract(s)
O género, como objecto de estudo, tem-se vindo a verificar uma temática pertinente nas mais diversas áreas do conhecimento científico, servindo de base para muitos investigadores1 no desenvolvimento do seu conceito e representação.
Os estudos, que têm por base esta temática, apresentam-se significantes na medida em que constituem uma base sólida na compreensão, não só do conceito em si, como também
da forma como este tem sido ostentado ao longo do tempo na sociedade em que vivemos,
através da criação e apropriação de estereótipos, cuja função se prevê ter sido fundamental no desenvolvimento acentuado da apresentação de género.
No que diz respeito ao cinema, esta temática tem-se vindo a revelar um objecto de estudo interessante pela forma como a indústria cinematográfica de Hollywood é
considerada maioritariamente masculina (Lauzen, 2015) e pela forma como as personagens, dependentemente do género, são retratadas nos filmes, isto é, tendo em conta as ideias pré-concebidas pela sociedade (estereótipos) que podem ou não ser transpostas para os filmes.
De forma a responder à questão de que modo o género se encontra representado não só
nos filmes propostos às diversas categorias, como também na cerimónia de entrega de prémios Óscares, por ser um acto solene, de grande prestígio, considerou-se o facto de existir uma tendência masculina quer em termos de atribuição de estatuetas, quer também na apresentação dos vencedores das mesmas.
Para esta dissertação, foram visualizados 28 filmes referentes ao período 1996-2016
que venceram nas categorias de Melhor Filme e Melhor Realizador, de forma a compreender a representação de género, em cada um deles, bem como foram produzidos.
Gender, as an object of study, has become an important subject in several areas of scientific knowledge, serving as a basis for many researchers2 in the development of its concept and representation. Research about gender representations is growingly relevant due to its strong contribution to comprehending, not only the concept itself, but also the way in which gender has been represented throughout time in our society through the creation and appropriation of stereotypes, a fundamental mechanism to the development of gender representations. In the field of cinema, this subject has come to reveal itself as an important object of study due to the way through which the Hollywood industry has been presented, that is, as predominantly masculine (Lauzen, 2015) and also by the way in which characters, according to their gender, are represented in films, that is, taking in consideration preconceived ideas stemming from society (stereotypes) which may or may not be mobilized in cinema. To answer the question of how gender is represented, not only in the nominated films in the various categories, but also in the Oscars Ceremony, by being a solemn act of great prestige, an existing male tendency was identified when it comes to granting the award, but also in the presentation of the winners. For this study, 28 films were watched, which correspond to a period between 1996- 2016, that have won in the categories of Best Film and Best Director, in order to understand the gender representation, in each one of them, as well as how they were produced.
Gender, as an object of study, has become an important subject in several areas of scientific knowledge, serving as a basis for many researchers2 in the development of its concept and representation. Research about gender representations is growingly relevant due to its strong contribution to comprehending, not only the concept itself, but also the way in which gender has been represented throughout time in our society through the creation and appropriation of stereotypes, a fundamental mechanism to the development of gender representations. In the field of cinema, this subject has come to reveal itself as an important object of study due to the way through which the Hollywood industry has been presented, that is, as predominantly masculine (Lauzen, 2015) and also by the way in which characters, according to their gender, are represented in films, that is, taking in consideration preconceived ideas stemming from society (stereotypes) which may or may not be mobilized in cinema. To answer the question of how gender is represented, not only in the nominated films in the various categories, but also in the Oscars Ceremony, by being a solemn act of great prestige, an existing male tendency was identified when it comes to granting the award, but also in the presentation of the winners. For this study, 28 films were watched, which correspond to a period between 1996- 2016, that have won in the categories of Best Film and Best Director, in order to understand the gender representation, in each one of them, as well as how they were produced.
Description
Keywords
Representação de género Hollywood Indústria cinematográfica Feminismo Masculinidade LGBT Queers Equidade de género Descriminação Estereótipos Gender representation Cinema industry Feminism Masculinity Gender equity Discrimination Stereotypes