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Abstract(s)
O envelhecimento demográfico e consequente aumento da procura de respostas sociais de apoio aos idosos foi a premissa de partida para esta pesquisa. Atendendo às vulnerabilidades individuais dos idosos que frequentam Centros de Dia e focando-nos nas respostas humanas potencialmente sensíveis aos cuidados de Enfermagem, mais concretamente o autocuidado e a capacidade funcional para gerir o regime medicamentoso, realizou-se um estudo, observacional, transversal e descritivo, com pessoas com 65 ou mais anos, inscritas em Centros de Dia da Cidade do Porto, tendo por objetivos caraterizar os perfis de autocuidado prevalentes, o fenómeno da adesão ao regime medicamentoso e averiguar a existência de relações entre ambos que potenciassem no futuro, a concretização de prescrições de Enfermagem. Os 60 idosos que participaram revelam uma amostra muito envelhecida, pouco escolarizada, com baixo apoio social e com sinais de declínio cognitivo. Foi possível identificar vários fatores de vulnerabilidade face à gestão do regime medicamentoso, alimentada por fenómenos como a forte prevalência de polimedicação, a complexidade do regime prescrito, a existência de prescrições inadequadas para os idosos, o declínio funcional ao nível da mobilidade e da cognição que exige a presença de cuidadores, e a falta de recursos económicos para adquirir os fármacos. Relativamente aos perfis, para além da maior prevalência do perfil “indefinido”, de certa forma expectável, constata-se que o único a evidenciar-se foi o perfil “formalmente guiado”, caraterístico das pessoas resignadas ao declínio funcional associado ao envelhecimento e que depositam nos outros as decisões sobre o seu autocuidado. Talvez por isso o fenómeno da não adesão ao regime medicamentoso, entendido como um comportamento intencional de não tomar os medicamentos conforme a prescrição médica, raramente tenha sido observado, uma vez que a maioria já delegou nos familiares ou cuidadores dos Centros de Dia a decisão de gerir a medicação. Face ao exposto, considerando os tempos de inúmeras mudanças sociais e reformas político-económicas, torna-se fundamental uma transição da assistência em saúde para a comunidade. Acredita-se que os Enfermeiros terão um papel crucial na promoção do autocuidado, aumentando a independência e responsabilidade individual destas populações de idosos. É necessário, por isso, continuar os estudos para delinear o perfil funcional destas pessoas e definir o potencial terapêutico da Enfermagem em função das transições vivenciadas.
The aging population and consequent increase in demand for social support anwsers for the elderly was the starting premise for our research. Given the individual vulnerabilities of the elderly attending Day Centers and focusing on the potentially sensitive human anwsers to nursing care, specifically self-care and functional capacity to manage the drug regime, we conducted a study, observational and descriptive, with people age 65 or older, enrolled in the Porto City Day Centres, with the objective to characterize the profiles of prevalent self-care, the phenomenon of adherence to the medication regimen and verify the existence of relations between both that lead in the future, the implementation of Nursing prescriptions. The 60 elderly who attended showed a very aged sample, low education and social support and cognitive decline signals. It was possible to identify several factors of vulnerability due to the management of the drug regime, fed by events such as the strong prevalence of polypharmacy, the complexity of the prescribed regimen, the existence of inappropriate prescriptions for the elderly, functional decline in terms of mobility and cognition that requires the presence of caregivers, and the lack of economic resources to purchase drugs. Relatively to profiles, in addition to a greater prevalence of "undefined" profile, in a expected way, one finds that the only become evident was the profile "formally guided" characteristic of people resigned to the functional decline associated with aging and deposit in other decisions about their own care. Maybe that's why the phenomenon of non-adherence to medication regimen, understood as an intentional behavior of not taking the drugs as a prescription, it has rarely been observed, since most have delegated in family or Day Centres caregivers the decision of managing the medication. Given the above, considering the times of numerous social changes, political and economic reforms, it is essential a transition of health care to the community. We believe that nurses have a crucial role in promoting self-care, increasing independence and individual responsibility of these elderly populations. It is necessary, therefore, continue studies to delineate the functional profile of these people and define the therapeutic potential of Nursing according to experienced transitions.
The aging population and consequent increase in demand for social support anwsers for the elderly was the starting premise for our research. Given the individual vulnerabilities of the elderly attending Day Centers and focusing on the potentially sensitive human anwsers to nursing care, specifically self-care and functional capacity to manage the drug regime, we conducted a study, observational and descriptive, with people age 65 or older, enrolled in the Porto City Day Centres, with the objective to characterize the profiles of prevalent self-care, the phenomenon of adherence to the medication regimen and verify the existence of relations between both that lead in the future, the implementation of Nursing prescriptions. The 60 elderly who attended showed a very aged sample, low education and social support and cognitive decline signals. It was possible to identify several factors of vulnerability due to the management of the drug regime, fed by events such as the strong prevalence of polypharmacy, the complexity of the prescribed regimen, the existence of inappropriate prescriptions for the elderly, functional decline in terms of mobility and cognition that requires the presence of caregivers, and the lack of economic resources to purchase drugs. Relatively to profiles, in addition to a greater prevalence of "undefined" profile, in a expected way, one finds that the only become evident was the profile "formally guided" characteristic of people resigned to the functional decline associated with aging and deposit in other decisions about their own care. Maybe that's why the phenomenon of non-adherence to medication regimen, understood as an intentional behavior of not taking the drugs as a prescription, it has rarely been observed, since most have delegated in family or Day Centres caregivers the decision of managing the medication. Given the above, considering the times of numerous social changes, political and economic reforms, it is essential a transition of health care to the community. We believe that nurses have a crucial role in promoting self-care, increasing independence and individual responsibility of these elderly populations. It is necessary, therefore, continue studies to delineate the functional profile of these people and define the therapeutic potential of Nursing according to experienced transitions.
Description
Keywords
Idosos Autocuidado Perfis de Autocuidado Gestão do regime medicamentoso Adesão ao regime medicamentoso Elderly Self-care Self-care profiles Management of drug regimen Adherence to medication regimen