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O impacto da perturbação do hiperatividade e défice de atenção no controlo inibitório, em adultos
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Abstract(s)
Introdução: A Perturbação de Hiperatividade e Défice de Atenção (PHDA) é uma patologia neurobiológica do desenvolvimento caraterizada por dificuldades na atenção, elevada impulsividade e hiperatividade. Embora historicamente associada a crianças, a PHDA afeta muitos adultos, persistindo em cerca de 30% dos indivíduos diagnosticados na infância, ainda que os sintomas de hiperatividade tenham tendência para diminuir. No entanto, à medida que os adultos enfrentam novas responsabilidades os desafios aumentam. Isto pode impactar de forma negativa o desempenho no trabalho e nas interações sociais. Estudos indicam que os indivíduos com PHDA apresentam um desempenho inferior em tarefas que avaliam as funções executivas, particularmente o controlo inibitório. Este estudo pretende avaliar a relação entre o diagnóstico de PHDA em adultos e o comprometimento do controlo inibitório, numa amostra portuguesa. Secundariamente, será analisada a eficácia do teste Stroop como ferramenta de identificação precoce, essencial para facilitar intervenções mais eficazes e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos com PHDA. Metodologia: A amostra deste estudo é composta por 50 participantes, utentes do Hospital Particular do Algarve, divididos em dois grupos. Os instrumentos de recolha de dados incluem um questionário sociodemográfico, o Inventário de Funcionamento Executivo do Adulto (ADEXI) e o teste Stroop, utilizados para avaliar as funções executivas. Resultados: Os resultados indicaram uma associação significativa entre PHDA e défices no controlo inibitório em adultos. Embora eficaz na identificação de dificuldades de inibição, o Stroop revelou limitações como preditor exclusivo de PHDA. Conclusões: Este estudo realça a relevância do controlo inibitório na PHDA e a utilidade do Stroop na avaliação. No entanto, devido às limitações encontradas, recomenda-se uma abordagem diagnóstica mais completa e o desenvolvimento de intervenções para melhorar as funções executivas, promovendo uma melhor adaptação e qualidade de vida.
Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobiological developmental disorder characterized by attention difficulties, high impulsivity and hyperactivity. Although historically associated with children, ADHD affects many adults, persisting in around 30 percent of individuals diagnosed in childhood, although the symptoms of hyperactivity tend to diminish. However, as adults face new responsibilities, the challenges increase. This can have a negative impact on performance at work and in social interactions. Studies indicate that individuals with ADHD perform less well on tasks that assess executive functions, particularly inhibitory control. This study aims to assess the relationship between the diagnosis of ADHD in adults and impaired inhibitory control in a Portuguese sample. Secondly, it will analyze the effectiveness of the Stroop test as an early identification tool, essential for facilitating more effective interventions and improving the quality of life of individuals with ADHD. Methodology: The sample of this study is made up of 50 participants, users of the Hospital Particular do Algarve, divided into two groups. The data-collection instruments included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Adult Executive Functioning Inventory (ADEXI) and the Stroop test, used to assess executive functions. Results: The results indicated a significant association between ADHD and inhibitory control deficits in adults. Although effective in identifying inhibitory difficulties, the Stroop test showed limitations as an exclusive predictor of ADHD. Conclusions: This study highlights the relevance of inhibitory control in ADHD and the utility of the Stroop test in its assessment. However, due to the limitations found, a more comprehensive diagnostic approach is recommended, along with the development of interventions to improve executive functions, promoting better adaptation and quality of life.
Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobiological developmental disorder characterized by attention difficulties, high impulsivity and hyperactivity. Although historically associated with children, ADHD affects many adults, persisting in around 30 percent of individuals diagnosed in childhood, although the symptoms of hyperactivity tend to diminish. However, as adults face new responsibilities, the challenges increase. This can have a negative impact on performance at work and in social interactions. Studies indicate that individuals with ADHD perform less well on tasks that assess executive functions, particularly inhibitory control. This study aims to assess the relationship between the diagnosis of ADHD in adults and impaired inhibitory control in a Portuguese sample. Secondly, it will analyze the effectiveness of the Stroop test as an early identification tool, essential for facilitating more effective interventions and improving the quality of life of individuals with ADHD. Methodology: The sample of this study is made up of 50 participants, users of the Hospital Particular do Algarve, divided into two groups. The data-collection instruments included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Adult Executive Functioning Inventory (ADEXI) and the Stroop test, used to assess executive functions. Results: The results indicated a significant association between ADHD and inhibitory control deficits in adults. Although effective in identifying inhibitory difficulties, the Stroop test showed limitations as an exclusive predictor of ADHD. Conclusions: This study highlights the relevance of inhibitory control in ADHD and the utility of the Stroop test in its assessment. However, due to the limitations found, a more comprehensive diagnostic approach is recommended, along with the development of interventions to improve executive functions, promoting better adaptation and quality of life.
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Keywords
Perturbação de hiperatividade e défice de atenção Controlo inibitório Funções executivas Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Inhibitory control Executive functions
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CC License
Without CC licence