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Deparamo-nos, por vezes, com decisões lacunosas e pouco fundamentadas no domínio da responsabilidade médica por omissão, essencialmente no que respeita à aplicação do crime de recusa de médico aos casos de ocorrência de um resultado lesivo de bens jurídicos essenciais como a vida e a integridade física.Tendo em conta as dificuldades sentidas pela jurisprudência no enquadramento da omissão médica, o presente estudo tem por objetivo estudar as omissões jurídico penalmente relevantes e analisar em que termos deve ser responsabilizado o médico que recuse a assistência médica hospitalar durante o serviço de urgência. Uma vez que o medico é titular de um dever de auxílio especial e, em certos casos, de um dever de garante, é necessário averiguar se – e como - o médico pode ser responsabilizado em caso de omissão: pela prática de um crime específico como é o crime de recusa de médico, ou por um crime comissivo por omissão. Para dar resposta a este problema é necessário saber em que casos é que o médico tem um dever de garante, e se pode ter simultaneamente um dever de garante e de assistência.
We encounter, at times, with defective and insufficiently substantiated decisions in the field of medical liability for the omission, essentially with regard to the application of the crime of refusing a doctor to cases of the occurrence of an injurious result of essential legal assets, namely life and physical integrity. Bearing in mind the difficulties experienced by the jurisprudence in the context of medical omission, the present study aims to study the legally and criminally relevant omissions and to analyze in which terms the physician who refuses hospital medical assistance during the emergency service should be held responsible. Since the doctor has a duty of special assistance and, in certain cases, a duty of guarantor, it is necessary to discover whether - and how - the doctor can be held responsible in case of omission: for the practice of a specific crime such as it is the crime of refusing a doctor, or for a commission crime by omission. To answer this problem, it is necessary to know in which cases the doctor has a duty of guarantor, and whether the doctor can have both, a duty of guarantor and assistance.
We encounter, at times, with defective and insufficiently substantiated decisions in the field of medical liability for the omission, essentially with regard to the application of the crime of refusing a doctor to cases of the occurrence of an injurious result of essential legal assets, namely life and physical integrity. Bearing in mind the difficulties experienced by the jurisprudence in the context of medical omission, the present study aims to study the legally and criminally relevant omissions and to analyze in which terms the physician who refuses hospital medical assistance during the emergency service should be held responsible. Since the doctor has a duty of special assistance and, in certain cases, a duty of guarantor, it is necessary to discover whether - and how - the doctor can be held responsible in case of omission: for the practice of a specific crime such as it is the crime of refusing a doctor, or for a commission crime by omission. To answer this problem, it is necessary to know in which cases the doctor has a duty of guarantor, and whether the doctor can have both, a duty of guarantor and assistance.
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Keywords
Médico Responsabilidade penal médica Assistência médica Omissão médica Omissão imprópria Dever de garante Omissão própria Recusa de médico Omissão de auxílio Crime comissivo Homicídio por omissão Ofensa à integridade física por omissão Doctor Medical criminal liability Health care Medical omission Improper omission Duty of guarantor Own omission Refusal of physician Omission of assistance Commissive crime Homicide by omission Offense against physical integrity by omission