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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
As pessoas com deficiência intelectual pertencem aos grupos mais vulneráveis, devido à complexidade da sua circunstância. Apesar da evolução social e científica, muitas não têm um acesso igualitário na assistência em saúde, educação, oportunidades de emprego, serviços adequados à sua condição, tornando-se vítimas de negligência, estigmatização, discriminação e exclusão social. Os enfermeiros podem ser um valioso contributo nos cuidados a estas pessoas, com vista a uma assistência humanizada e inclusiva. A motivação para aprofundar conhecimentos neste âmbito, desencadeou o desenvolvimento de um estudo, visando fundamentalmente avaliar necessidades em cuidados de saúde e o impacto das intervenções de enfermagem em pessoas com deficiência intelectual, inscritas num Centro de Recuperação de Crianças e Jovens Deficientes e Inadaptadas. Enunciou-se a questão: “Quais as necessidades, em saúde, da pessoa com deficiência intelectual, e quais as estratégias para a sua satisfação?” Desenvolveu-se um percurso de investigação-ação, durante quatro anos letivos, correspondendo cada ciclo a um ano letivo. Toda a investigação-ação sustentou-se em quatro eixos de ação: 1) Reorganização da instituição; 2) Qualificação dos colaboradores; 3) Satisfação das necessidades especiais dos clientes; 4) Contributo na formação dos estudantes de enfermagem. Os resultados mostraram que os clientes com deficiência intelectual apresentavam necessidades na maioria dos “requisitos de autocuidado”. As intervenções de promoção de hábitos de vida saudável centraram-se principalmente nos “requisitos universais de autocuidado”, seguindo-se os “requisitos de desenvolvimento de autocuidado” e “autocuidado no desvio de saúde”. Foram identificados os diagnósticos e intervenções de enfermagem mais frequentes no grupo de pessoas com deficiência intelectual. Reconheceu-se que os ganhos em saúde resultantes da intervenção de enfermagem mais evidentes ligaram-se aos projetos de promoção da saúde. O recurso à investigação-ação articulou-se com os objetivos do estudo, promovendo a organização dos cuidados de enfermagem, potenciando a conceção dos cuidados de enfermagem, facilitando o processo de reflexão, tomada de decisão e melhoria dos cuidados prestados, assim como, fomentando o aumento do conhecimento científico e a prática baseada na evidência na área da deficiência intelectual.
People with intellectual disabilities belong to the most vulnerable groups because of the complexity of their circumstances. Despite social and scientific developments, many do not have equal access to health care, education, employment opportunities, services appropriate to their condition, becoming victims of neglect, stigmatization, discrimination and social exclusion. Nurses can be a valuable contributor to caring for these people with a view to humane and inclusive care. The motivation to deepen knowledge in this field led to the development of a study aimed at evaluating health care needs and the impact of nursing interventions on people with intellectual disabilities enrolled in a Center for the Recovery of Disabled and Inadapted Children and Young People. The question was raised: "What are the health needs of people with intellectual disabilities, and what are the strategies for their satisfaction?”. An action-research course was developed during four academic years, each cycle corresponding to one academic year. All action research was based on four lines of action: 1) Reorganization of the institution; 2) Qualification of employees; 3) Satisfaction of special needs of customers; 4) Contribution in the training of nursing students. The results showed that clients with intellectual disabilities had needs in most "self-care requirements". Interventions to promote healthy living habits focused primarily on "universal self-care requirements", followed by "self-care development requirements" and "self-care in health diversion". The most frequent diagnoses and nursing interventions were identified in the group of people with intellectual disabilities. It was recognized that the health gains resulting from the more evident nursing intervention were linked to health promotion projects. The use of action research was articulated with the objetives of the study, promoting the organization of nursing care, enhancing the conception of nursing care, facilitating the process of reflection, decision making and improvement of care provided, as well as encouraging the increase of scientific knowledge and evidence-based practice in the area of intellectual disability.
People with intellectual disabilities belong to the most vulnerable groups because of the complexity of their circumstances. Despite social and scientific developments, many do not have equal access to health care, education, employment opportunities, services appropriate to their condition, becoming victims of neglect, stigmatization, discrimination and social exclusion. Nurses can be a valuable contributor to caring for these people with a view to humane and inclusive care. The motivation to deepen knowledge in this field led to the development of a study aimed at evaluating health care needs and the impact of nursing interventions on people with intellectual disabilities enrolled in a Center for the Recovery of Disabled and Inadapted Children and Young People. The question was raised: "What are the health needs of people with intellectual disabilities, and what are the strategies for their satisfaction?”. An action-research course was developed during four academic years, each cycle corresponding to one academic year. All action research was based on four lines of action: 1) Reorganization of the institution; 2) Qualification of employees; 3) Satisfaction of special needs of customers; 4) Contribution in the training of nursing students. The results showed that clients with intellectual disabilities had needs in most "self-care requirements". Interventions to promote healthy living habits focused primarily on "universal self-care requirements", followed by "self-care development requirements" and "self-care in health diversion". The most frequent diagnoses and nursing interventions were identified in the group of people with intellectual disabilities. It was recognized that the health gains resulting from the more evident nursing intervention were linked to health promotion projects. The use of action research was articulated with the objetives of the study, promoting the organization of nursing care, enhancing the conception of nursing care, facilitating the process of reflection, decision making and improvement of care provided, as well as encouraging the increase of scientific knowledge and evidence-based practice in the area of intellectual disability.
Description
Keywords
Deficiência intelectual Deficiência mental Cuidados de enfermagem Investigação-ação Intellectual disability Mental disabilities Nursing care Action research