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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Fundamentação Teórica: O declínio cognitivo é um fenómeno que
acompanha o envelhecimento mesmo na ausência de doença neurológica. O
modelo de Reserva Cognitiva postula que diferenças individuais ao nível do
processamento cognitivo e da capacidade de restruturação neuronal levam a que
algumas pessoas consigam lidar melhor com o processo de envelhecimento do
que outras. O Cognitive Reserve Índex questionnaire (CRIq) propõe avaliar a
Reserva Cognitiva de forma objectiva utilizando três dos domínios usados na
conceptualização da reserva: o nível de escolaridade, a ocupação profissional e
as actividades de tempo livre. No presente estudo, pretendemos estudar a relação
entre os domínios do trabalho e do tempo livre da Reserva Cognitiva e os
mecanismos do funcionamento executivo, bem como estudar a contribuição do
CRIq para a avaliação da Reserva Cognitiva.
Metodologia: A amostra por conveniência deste estudo transversal foi
composta por 45 participantes cognitivamente saudáveis, com idades
compreendidas entre os 50 e os 81 anos e sem antecedentes pessoais relevantes.
Após uma entrevista clínica breve foram administrados alguns instrumentos que
permitem avaliar domínios do funcionamento executivo: o Digit-Symbol
substituto test, o Digit-Span, o Stroop Test, o Trail Making Test e o CRIq.
Resultados: Verificamos que as pontuações brutas do CRI-Escola, CRITrabalho
e CRI-Tempo Livre não se correlacionam com os mecanismos do
funcionamento executivo, quando controlado o efeito do nível de escolaridade e
da idade. Considerando os resultados obtidos não foi possível verificar se o CRITrabalho
e o CRI-Tempo Livre permitiam prever o desempenho dos participantes
nas provas de funções executivas.
Conclusão: Na literatura tem sido demonstrado que os sujeitos que
acumulam experiências de vida mais estimulantes parecem apresentar um melhor
desempenho cognitivo numa idade mais avançada. Porém, os resultados do
presente estudo não corroboram a literatura, demonstraram sim que as medidas
de Reserva Cognitiva poderão ser suportadas sobretudo pelo nível de escolaridade
e pela idade, que quando controlados não apresentam nenhuma correlação com as provas administradas. Por fim, a validação e adaptação cultural do CRIq para a população portuguesa parece ser bastante relevante.
Theoretical Background: Cognitive decline is a phenomenon that accompanies aging even in the absence of neurological disease. The Cognitive Reserve model postulates that individual differences in cognitive processing and neuronal restructuring capacity lead some people to better manage the aging process than others. The Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire (CRIq) proposes to evaluate the Cognitive Reserve in an objective way, using three domains used in the conceptualization of the reserve: level of education, professional occupation, and leisure activities. In the present study, we intend to study the relationship between the Cognitive Reserve and the mechanisms of executive functioning, as well as to study the contribution of the Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire for the evaluation of the Cognitive Reserve. Method: The sample, for example, is composed transversely by 45 cognitively healthy participants, aged between 50 and 81 years and with no relevant personal antecedents. After an interview, the clinic was administered as a means of digit substitution testing, digit span, Stroop test, track test, and CRIq. Results: We verified that the gross scores of CRI-Escola, CRI-Trabalho and CRI-Tempo do not correlate with the mechanisms of executive functioning, when controlled the effect of level of schooling and age. Considering the results obtained it was not possible to verify if the CRI-Work and the CRI-Free Time allowed to predict the performance of the participants in the tests that evaluate the executive functioning. Conclusion: In the literature it has been demonstrated that subjects who accumulate more stimulating life experiences seem to present better cognitive performance at a later age. However, the results of the present study do not corroborate the literature, they did demonstrate that Cognitive Reserve measures may be supported mainly by level of schooling and age, which when checked do not show any correlation with the tests administered. Finally, the validation and cultural adaptation of the CRIq for the Portuguese population seems to be very relevant.
Theoretical Background: Cognitive decline is a phenomenon that accompanies aging even in the absence of neurological disease. The Cognitive Reserve model postulates that individual differences in cognitive processing and neuronal restructuring capacity lead some people to better manage the aging process than others. The Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire (CRIq) proposes to evaluate the Cognitive Reserve in an objective way, using three domains used in the conceptualization of the reserve: level of education, professional occupation, and leisure activities. In the present study, we intend to study the relationship between the Cognitive Reserve and the mechanisms of executive functioning, as well as to study the contribution of the Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire for the evaluation of the Cognitive Reserve. Method: The sample, for example, is composed transversely by 45 cognitively healthy participants, aged between 50 and 81 years and with no relevant personal antecedents. After an interview, the clinic was administered as a means of digit substitution testing, digit span, Stroop test, track test, and CRIq. Results: We verified that the gross scores of CRI-Escola, CRI-Trabalho and CRI-Tempo do not correlate with the mechanisms of executive functioning, when controlled the effect of level of schooling and age. Considering the results obtained it was not possible to verify if the CRI-Work and the CRI-Free Time allowed to predict the performance of the participants in the tests that evaluate the executive functioning. Conclusion: In the literature it has been demonstrated that subjects who accumulate more stimulating life experiences seem to present better cognitive performance at a later age. However, the results of the present study do not corroborate the literature, they did demonstrate that Cognitive Reserve measures may be supported mainly by level of schooling and age, which when checked do not show any correlation with the tests administered. Finally, the validation and cultural adaptation of the CRIq for the Portuguese population seems to be very relevant.
Description
Keywords
Reserva cognitiva Funções executivas Envelhecimento saudável Cognitive reserve Executive functions Healthy aging CRIq