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Recentemente tem-se assistido a um aumento do número de crianças com perturbações emocionais e comportamentais, onde muitas vezes as alterações na autoestima estão na origem destas perturbações. A autoestima é um indicador e um fator protetor da saúde mental com influência no desenvolvimento da criança e é um conceito central da disciplina de Enfermagem, com diagnósticos e intervenções de Enfermagem associados. Enquanto promotor do desenvolvimento infantil e gestor do bem-estar da criança, o Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Infantil e Pediátrica assume um papel preponderante na promoção da autoestima na criança e adolescente, já que esta tem implicações nestes dois campos. Foi escolhida como temática principal deste relatório a “Promoção da Autoestima em Crianças e Adolescentes”, dada a sua relevância para o desenvolvimento infantil e para os cuidados de Enfermagem, e foi delineado como objetivo geral “Desenvolver competências específicas do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Infantil e Pediátrica com especial ênfase na promoção da autoestima na criança, adolescente e nas mães de recém-nascidos prematuros”. Como forma de cumprir os objetivos propostos foram realizadas atividades subordinadas à temática principal, tendo como base o Modelo de Sistemas de Betty Neuman. Os estágios desenvolveram-se em diferentes contextos, Cuidados de Saúde Primários, Internamento de Pediatria (Cuidados Intensivos e Pedopsiquiatria), Urgência Pediátrica e Neonatologia, tendo sido desenvolvidas como atividades a elaboração de um cartaz e de um folheto informativo sobre a higiene do sono na adolescência, a realização de uma atividade de promoção da saúde oral em crianças em idade escolar, formação aos profissionais de saúde (suicídio e comportamentos autolesivos na adolescência e promoção da autoestima materna), e a elaboração de um guia de acolhimento para crianças internadas na Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos e de um documento de proposta de introdução da temática da promoção da autoestima em mães de recém-nascidos prematuros internados na unidade de Neonatologia no guia do Plano Nacional Único para a Neonatologia. Foram também desenvolvidas reflexões críticas acerca de situações vivenciadas e foi realizada uma atividade de observação das atividades desenvolvidas pela equipa de enfermagem no serviço de Pedopsiquiatria. Os resultados obtidos da realização destas atividades traduziram-se em ganhos em saúde ao nível da responsabilidade, do rigor e da prevenção, uma vez que se desenvolveram sob a orientação de princípios inerentes à promoção da saúde, bem-estar e cuidado, e na medida em que se adotaram tarefas ativas e facilitadoras de bons processos de aprendizagem contribuindo desta forma para a melhoria dos cuidados de Enfermagem, particularmente dos cuidados especializados em Enfermagem de Saúde Infantil e Pediátrica. A realização destas atividades permitiu o desenvolvimento e aquisição de competências de Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Infantil e Pediátrica no âmbito da assistência à criança/jovem com a família na maximização da sua saúde; ao nível da prestação de cuidados à criança/jovem e família em situações de especial complexidade; e ao nível da prestação de cuidados específicos em resposta às necessidades do ciclo de vida e de desenvolvimento da criança e do jovem. Todo o percurso formativo realizado foi útil não só para a aquisição e desenvolvimento de competências, mas também para a consolidação e obtenção de novos conhecimentos ao nível da Enfermagem de Saúde Infantil e Pediátrica e que contribuirão para a melhoria dos cuidados prestados no futuro. Foi também possível compreender que a autoestima é essencial para a criança e jovem e que o Enfermeiro pode ter um papel fundamental no processo de promoção da mesma, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento saudável da criança.
Recently we have witnessed a growing number of children with emotional and behavioural disorders, where self-esteem changes may be at the root of these disorders. Self esteem is a mental health indicator and protective factor with influence in child development and it is a central concept of the Nursing studies with associated nursing diagnoses and interventions. As a child development promoter and child well-being manager, the Specialist Nurse in Child and Pediatric Health Nursing assumes a preponderant role in promoting self-esteem in children and adolescents, since it has implications in these two fields. The main subject of this report was the "Promotion of Self-Esteem in Children and Adolescents", given its relevance to child development and Nursing care. One general aim was then outlined "To develop specific competencies of the Infants and Paediatrics Health Specialist Nurse with special emphasis on self-esteem promotion in children adolescents and mothers of premature newborns. As a way of accomplishing the aim proposed, activities were carried out according to the main subject and based on the Neuman Systems Model. The description of each activity as well as its critical-reflective analysis is shown throughout the report. Work placements were developed in different contexts, Primary Health Care, Pediatric ward (Intensive Care and Paedopsychiatry), Paediatric Emergency and Neonatology, where the following activities were developed, the design of a poster and information leaflet on adolescence sleep hygiene, an oral health promotion activity in school-age children, training of health professionals (suicide and self-abuse during adolescence and promotion of maternal self-esteem), (suicide and self-injurious behaviours in adolescence and promotion of maternal self-esteem), and the elaboration of a guide for children hospitalised in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit and a proposal document introducing the theme of the promotion of self-esteem in mothers of premature newborns hospitalised in the Neonatal Unit in the guide of the National Single Plan for Neonatology. Some critical reflections on experienced situations were also discussed and an observation activity was carried out by shadowing the activities developed by the nursing team in the Paedopsychiatric service. The results obtained from these activities translated into health gains in terms of responsibility, rigor and prevention, since they were developed under the guiding principles of health promotion, well-being and care, and to the extent in which active tasks and facilitators of good learning processes were adopted, thus contributing to the improvement of Nursing care, particularly the specialised care in Child and Pediatric Health Nursing. The accomplishment of these activities allowed the development and acquisition of the Infants and Paediatric Health Nursing Specialist skills in the scope of the assistance to the child/youth with the family in the maximization of their health; at the level of child/youth care and family care in situations of special complexity; and the provision of specific care in response to the life and developmental needs of children and young people. The entire formative course was useful, not only for the acquisition and development of competencies, but also for the consolidation and acquisition of new knowledge in Paediatric Child Health Nursing that will contribute in the future to the improvement of the care provided. It was also possible to understand that self-esteem is essential for the child and youth and that nurses can play a fundamental role in the process of promoting it and thus contributing to the healthy development of the child.
Recently we have witnessed a growing number of children with emotional and behavioural disorders, where self-esteem changes may be at the root of these disorders. Self esteem is a mental health indicator and protective factor with influence in child development and it is a central concept of the Nursing studies with associated nursing diagnoses and interventions. As a child development promoter and child well-being manager, the Specialist Nurse in Child and Pediatric Health Nursing assumes a preponderant role in promoting self-esteem in children and adolescents, since it has implications in these two fields. The main subject of this report was the "Promotion of Self-Esteem in Children and Adolescents", given its relevance to child development and Nursing care. One general aim was then outlined "To develop specific competencies of the Infants and Paediatrics Health Specialist Nurse with special emphasis on self-esteem promotion in children adolescents and mothers of premature newborns. As a way of accomplishing the aim proposed, activities were carried out according to the main subject and based on the Neuman Systems Model. The description of each activity as well as its critical-reflective analysis is shown throughout the report. Work placements were developed in different contexts, Primary Health Care, Pediatric ward (Intensive Care and Paedopsychiatry), Paediatric Emergency and Neonatology, where the following activities were developed, the design of a poster and information leaflet on adolescence sleep hygiene, an oral health promotion activity in school-age children, training of health professionals (suicide and self-abuse during adolescence and promotion of maternal self-esteem), (suicide and self-injurious behaviours in adolescence and promotion of maternal self-esteem), and the elaboration of a guide for children hospitalised in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit and a proposal document introducing the theme of the promotion of self-esteem in mothers of premature newborns hospitalised in the Neonatal Unit in the guide of the National Single Plan for Neonatology. Some critical reflections on experienced situations were also discussed and an observation activity was carried out by shadowing the activities developed by the nursing team in the Paedopsychiatric service. The results obtained from these activities translated into health gains in terms of responsibility, rigor and prevention, since they were developed under the guiding principles of health promotion, well-being and care, and to the extent in which active tasks and facilitators of good learning processes were adopted, thus contributing to the improvement of Nursing care, particularly the specialised care in Child and Pediatric Health Nursing. The accomplishment of these activities allowed the development and acquisition of the Infants and Paediatric Health Nursing Specialist skills in the scope of the assistance to the child/youth with the family in the maximization of their health; at the level of child/youth care and family care in situations of special complexity; and the provision of specific care in response to the life and developmental needs of children and young people. The entire formative course was useful, not only for the acquisition and development of competencies, but also for the consolidation and acquisition of new knowledge in Paediatric Child Health Nursing that will contribute in the future to the improvement of the care provided. It was also possible to understand that self-esteem is essential for the child and youth and that nurses can play a fundamental role in the process of promoting it and thus contributing to the healthy development of the child.
Description
Keywords
Autoestima Enfermagem Criança Adolescente Self-esteem Nursing Child Adolescent