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O presente estudo exploratório teve como objetivo principal conhecer os padrões de consumo de álcool durante a gravidez de um grupo de mulheres grávidas portuguesas e explorar possíveis preditores desses consumos, nomeadamente as caraterísticas da personalidade. A metodologia utilizada foi de cariz quantitativo e os dados foram recolhidos através de um Questionário Online que inclui quatro instrumentos: Formulário das Questões Sociodemográficas e Gravidez, o Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), o Inventário de Personalidade de 10 itens (TIPI – P) e a Escala de Atitudes sobre a Gravidez e Maternidade (EAGM) que não é parte integrante deste trabalho. Os principais resultados confirmam que a mulheres grávidas portuguesas consomem álcool durante a gravidez. Verificam-se diferenças altamente significativas entre a frequência e a quantidade de consumo de álcool antes e durante a gravidez, havendo diminuição dos consumos na gravidez. Apesar da existência de uma diminuição dos consumos de álcool é possível constatar que as mulheres não cumprem as diretrizes nacionais e internacionais quanto à abstinência do consumo de álcool durante a gestação e muitas não apresentam conhecimento sobre a existência de linhas de orientação, o que explica em parte o comportamento das gestantes portuguesas. Exploramos também possíveis preditores dos consumos de álcool durante a gravidez, e desta forma percebemos que os preditores que mais se destacam são os consumos prévios à gravidez, maior nível de escolaridade da gestante e maior idade materna. Para além disso, a integração das dimensões da personalidade enquanto preditoras do consumo de álcool durante a gravidez torna o presente trabalho inovador. Tanto quanto é do nosso conhecimento, esta é a primeira vez que a nível nacional as caraterísticas da personalidade são estudas enquanto preditoras dos consumos de álcool durante a gravidez. Os resultados apontaram que a única variável preditora dos consumos de álcool durante a gravidez é a dimensão “Extroversão”. Integrando um estudo mais abrangente, este trabalho espera ser um contributo para um maior conhecimento e informação sobre o fenómeno em Portugal.
The main purpose of this exploratory study was to identify the patterns of alcohol consumption during pregnancy in a group of Portuguese pregnant women and explore possible predictors of alcohol consumption, namely personality traits. The methodology used was quantitative and data were collected through an Online Questionnaire which includes four instruments: Form of Sociodemographic and Pregnancy Questions, the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), the 10-item Personality Inventory (TIPI - P) and the Scale of Attitudes about Pregnancy and Motherhood (EAGM) which is not an integral part of this work. The main results confirm that Portuguese pregnant women consume alcohol during pregnancy. There are highly significant differences between the frequency and amount of alcohol consumption before and during pregnancy, with a decrease in consumption during pregnancy. Despite the existence of a decrease in alcohol consumption, we found that women do not comply with national and international guidelines regarding abstinence from alcohol consumption during pregnancy, and many are unaware of the existence of guidelines, which partly explains the behavior of Portuguese pregnant women. We also explored possible predictors of alcohol consumption during pregnancy, and thus we found that the most prominent predictors were previous alcohol consumption, higher educational level of the pregnant woman, and higher maternal age. In addition, the integration of personality dimensions as predictors of alcohol consumption during pregnancy makes the present work innovative. To our knowledge, this is the first time that at the national level personality traits are studied as predictors of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. The results showed that the only predictor variable of alcohol consumption during pregnancy is the "Extraversion" dimension. As part of a larger study, this work hopes to contribute to a greater knowledge and information on this phenomenon in Portugal.
The main purpose of this exploratory study was to identify the patterns of alcohol consumption during pregnancy in a group of Portuguese pregnant women and explore possible predictors of alcohol consumption, namely personality traits. The methodology used was quantitative and data were collected through an Online Questionnaire which includes four instruments: Form of Sociodemographic and Pregnancy Questions, the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), the 10-item Personality Inventory (TIPI - P) and the Scale of Attitudes about Pregnancy and Motherhood (EAGM) which is not an integral part of this work. The main results confirm that Portuguese pregnant women consume alcohol during pregnancy. There are highly significant differences between the frequency and amount of alcohol consumption before and during pregnancy, with a decrease in consumption during pregnancy. Despite the existence of a decrease in alcohol consumption, we found that women do not comply with national and international guidelines regarding abstinence from alcohol consumption during pregnancy, and many are unaware of the existence of guidelines, which partly explains the behavior of Portuguese pregnant women. We also explored possible predictors of alcohol consumption during pregnancy, and thus we found that the most prominent predictors were previous alcohol consumption, higher educational level of the pregnant woman, and higher maternal age. In addition, the integration of personality dimensions as predictors of alcohol consumption during pregnancy makes the present work innovative. To our knowledge, this is the first time that at the national level personality traits are studied as predictors of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. The results showed that the only predictor variable of alcohol consumption during pregnancy is the "Extraversion" dimension. As part of a larger study, this work hopes to contribute to a greater knowledge and information on this phenomenon in Portugal.
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Keywords
Consumo de álcool Gravidez Prevalência Preditores Personalidade Alcohol consumption Pregnancy Prevalence Predictors Personality