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A presente dissertação centra-se na exploração de dois fenómenos: batimentos binaurais e tons isocrónicos. Estudos científicos sugerem a existência de um potencial terapêutico promissor nestes fenómenos pela sua influência sobre frequências específicas das ondas cerebrais. Como tal, através da realização de um estudo exploratório, foi procurado clarificar as características necessárias de um estímulo auditivo desta categoria para desencadear efeitos específicos no ouvinte.
Foram dadas ferramentas a um grupo de 30 sujeitos para gerarem estímulos auditivos como os acima descritos com base em dois objetivos: através da escuta, alcançar um efeito subjetivamente calmante num primeiro momento e, num segundo momento, subjetivamente estimulante.
As escolhas feitas pela amostra demonstraram uma preferência pelos estímulos oscilando ou pulsando principalmente na gama de frequências theta para o efeito calmante e alfa para o estimulante. Igualmente evidenciaram um uso de tons isocrónicos significativamente mais recorrente para o efeito estimulante e uma nítida prevalência do uso de uma forma de onda sinusoidal para ambos os efeitos. Demonstraram ainda uma forte preferência em combinar a escuta dos fenómenos com ruído branco e/ou rosa.
Salienta-se a existência de uma margem de erro elevada conferida pela dispersão dos resultados, sendo necessária a realização de mais estudos deste tipo sobre a matéria, igualmente com o intuito de validar os achados da pesquisa científica existente neste tópico, que identicamente necessita de mais desenvolvimento, particularmente sobre tons isocrónicos.
The present dissertation focuses on the exploration of two phenomena: binaural beats and isochronic tones. Scientific studies suggest the existence of a promising therapeutic potential in these phenomena due to their influence on specific brainwave frequencies. As such, through an exploratory study, it was sought to clarify the necessary characteristics of an auditory stimuli in this category to trigger specific effects on the listener. In order to assess specific characteristics of binaural beats and isochronic tones that are able to trigger distinct sensations, a group of 30 individuals were subjected to an experiment, where, through the use of a custom developed software, each subject was asked to manipulate an audio synthesizer with the aim of achieving calming and stimulating effects. The choices made by the sample demonstrated a preference for the stimuli oscillating or pulsing at the theta frequency range for the calming effect and alpha for the stimulating one. They also showed a recurrent use of isochronic tones for the stimulating effect and a clear prevalence in the use of a sinusoidal waveform for both effects. Additionally, they demonstrated a strong preference in combining the phenomena with white and/or pink noise. It should be highlighted that there is a high error margin due to the dispersion of the results and it is necessary to carry out more studies of this type on the matter, also with the purpose of validating the findings of the scientific research on this topic, which identically needs more development, particularly on isochronic tones.
The present dissertation focuses on the exploration of two phenomena: binaural beats and isochronic tones. Scientific studies suggest the existence of a promising therapeutic potential in these phenomena due to their influence on specific brainwave frequencies. As such, through an exploratory study, it was sought to clarify the necessary characteristics of an auditory stimuli in this category to trigger specific effects on the listener. In order to assess specific characteristics of binaural beats and isochronic tones that are able to trigger distinct sensations, a group of 30 individuals were subjected to an experiment, where, through the use of a custom developed software, each subject was asked to manipulate an audio synthesizer with the aim of achieving calming and stimulating effects. The choices made by the sample demonstrated a preference for the stimuli oscillating or pulsing at the theta frequency range for the calming effect and alpha for the stimulating one. They also showed a recurrent use of isochronic tones for the stimulating effect and a clear prevalence in the use of a sinusoidal waveform for both effects. Additionally, they demonstrated a strong preference in combining the phenomena with white and/or pink noise. It should be highlighted that there is a high error margin due to the dispersion of the results and it is necessary to carry out more studies of this type on the matter, also with the purpose of validating the findings of the scientific research on this topic, which identically needs more development, particularly on isochronic tones.
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Palavras-chave
Batimentos binaurais Tons isocrónicos Brainwave entrainment Ondas cerebrais Efeito calmante Efeito estimulante Binaural beats Isochronic tones Brainwaves Calming effect Stimulating effect