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A biodeterioração é um dos grandes factores de degradação de obras de arte,
em particular por microorganismos como fungos filamentosos em variadas
técnicas de pintura, incluindo pintura a óleo sobre tela. Esta dissertação teve
como objectivo a realização de testes in vitro de inibição de crescimento de
estirpes de fungos dos géneros Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp. e Alternaria sp,
através da volatilização de compostos antifúngicos de óleos essenciais de
alfazema, sálvia e manjericão encapsulados em ciclodextrina, e de sálvia não
encapsulado. Apenas foi detectada actividade anti-fúngica com a aplicação do
óleo essencial não encapsulado, sendo que no geral, os resultados de inibição
de crescimento com óleos encapsulados não foram significativos. Aplicou-se
uma suspensão de esporos da estirpe de Penicillium sp. sobre provetes de
pintura a óleo, para determinar a capacidade de inibição de crescimento de
ciclodextrinas de óleo essencial de manjericão, mas devido a uma questão
metodológica, os resultados não foram significativos. Testou-se também os
efeitos dos componentes voláteis do óleo essencial não encapsulado de sálvia
sobre provetes de pintura, avaliando as alterações através da colorimetria,
microscopia óptica, FTIR e por inquérito social. Tais análises demonstraram
haver alterações superficiais na camada cromática dos provetes, a nível de cor,
brilho e superfície, não tendo sido detectadas alterações mais profundas na
análise por FTIR. Apesar dos resultados obtidos, ficou patente o potencial de
aplicação dos óleos essenciais na inibição da biodeterioração em pintura a óleo.
One of the main factors of the degradation of art work is biodeterioration, by microorganisms as filamentous fungi in various painting techniques, including oil painting on canvas. This project intended to evaluate the effect on the growth of selected fungal strains, namely Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp. and Alternaria sp., through volatilization of antifungal compounds in essential oils, extracted from lavender, sage and basil encapsulated in cyclodextrin, as well as nonencapsulated sage. Antifungal activity was detected only in the application of non-encapsulated essential oil, and overall, the results of growth inhibition with encapsulated oils were not considerable. A suspension of spores from the strain of Penicillium sp. was placed over the mock paintings, to determine the growth inhibition ability of encapsulated basil essential oil, but due to a methodological matter, the results were not significant. Also, the effects of the volatile components of non-encapsulated sage essential oil were tested on the mock paintings, and the changes were evaluated by colorimetry, optical microscopy, FTIR and social inquiry. Such analyses have shown there are superficial changes in the chromatic layer, but no deeper changes were detected by FTIR analysis. Despite the results obtained, the potential application of essential oils for biodeterioration inhibition in oil painting was patent.
One of the main factors of the degradation of art work is biodeterioration, by microorganisms as filamentous fungi in various painting techniques, including oil painting on canvas. This project intended to evaluate the effect on the growth of selected fungal strains, namely Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp. and Alternaria sp., through volatilization of antifungal compounds in essential oils, extracted from lavender, sage and basil encapsulated in cyclodextrin, as well as nonencapsulated sage. Antifungal activity was detected only in the application of non-encapsulated essential oil, and overall, the results of growth inhibition with encapsulated oils were not considerable. A suspension of spores from the strain of Penicillium sp. was placed over the mock paintings, to determine the growth inhibition ability of encapsulated basil essential oil, but due to a methodological matter, the results were not significant. Also, the effects of the volatile components of non-encapsulated sage essential oil were tested on the mock paintings, and the changes were evaluated by colorimetry, optical microscopy, FTIR and social inquiry. Such analyses have shown there are superficial changes in the chromatic layer, but no deeper changes were detected by FTIR analysis. Despite the results obtained, the potential application of essential oils for biodeterioration inhibition in oil painting was patent.