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O princípio da participação e audição da criança, que se traduz no direito das crianças a serem ouvidas e a terem a sua opinião valorada nos processos que lhes dizem respeito, encontra-se consagrado no direito internacional, nomeadamente no art.12º da Convenção sobre os Direitos da Criança.
A presente dissertação parte de uma análise ao princípio do superior interesse da criança para mostrar a ligação entre este e o princípio da participação e da audição da criança, prosseguindo depois para o estudo pormenorizado deste último e da sua implementação no direito interno português. Assim, com este trabalho o nosso objetivo foi ver de que modo o direito das crianças a serem ouvidas se encontra previsto no nosso direito interno e se está a ser devidamente aplicado pelos nossos tribunais.
Após termos visto que o legislador nacional acolheu bem o direito da participação e audição da criança no novo modelo de justiça das crianças e jovens, concluímos que ainda existe alguma dificuldade em aplicar esse direito na prática.
Deste modo, e apesar da evolução positiva que se tem verificado nos últimos anos no que toca a esta matéria, entendemos ser necessário investir na adequação dos espaços onde se realiza a audição da criança e assegurar a todos os profissionais que contatem com crianças formação específica em Direitos das Crianças.
The participation of the child, which can be defined as the child’s right to be heard and have his or hers views taken seriously in matters that affect them, is established in international law, particularly in article 12 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The present dissertation starts from an analysis of the principle of the child’s best interests to demonstrate its connection to the child’s right to be heard, and then proceeds to a detailed study of the latter and of its implementation in portuguese national law. Thus, our main purpose with this work was to see how the right of the child to be heard is guaranteed in our internal law and to check if it is being properly applied by our courts. After verifying that the right of the child to participate and to be heard was well received by our national legislator in the new justice sistem for children, we came to the conclusion that there are still some difficulties when it comes to putting that right of the child into practise. Therefore, and in spite of the positive evolution that has taken place in the last few years regarding this matter, it is necessary to invest in creating the proper places and environments to inquire children and to make sure that every professional that contacts with children receives specific training in Children’s Rights.
The participation of the child, which can be defined as the child’s right to be heard and have his or hers views taken seriously in matters that affect them, is established in international law, particularly in article 12 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The present dissertation starts from an analysis of the principle of the child’s best interests to demonstrate its connection to the child’s right to be heard, and then proceeds to a detailed study of the latter and of its implementation in portuguese national law. Thus, our main purpose with this work was to see how the right of the child to be heard is guaranteed in our internal law and to check if it is being properly applied by our courts. After verifying that the right of the child to participate and to be heard was well received by our national legislator in the new justice sistem for children, we came to the conclusion that there are still some difficulties when it comes to putting that right of the child into practise. Therefore, and in spite of the positive evolution that has taken place in the last few years regarding this matter, it is necessary to invest in creating the proper places and environments to inquire children and to make sure that every professional that contacts with children receives specific training in Children’s Rights.
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Palavras-chave
Direitos da criança Superior Interesse da criança Audição da criança Participação da criança Convenção sobre os Direitos da Criança Rights of the child Child’s best interests Hearing of the child Child participation Convention on the rights of the child