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Authors
Abstract(s)
Na mais recente pandemia, o número de mortes foi muito elevado, colocando em processo
de luto um grande número de pessoas. A par do processo de luto, os indivíduos ainda
enfrentaram restrições associadas à pandemia de COVID-19, que numa fase inicial incluíram
o distanciamento social, o isolamento imposto dentro de casa, a falta de oportunidade em se
despedir de entes queridos internados, entre outras. Investir em intervenções para o luto que
possam mitigar os efeitos associados ao luto, mas também que possam funcionar como
ferramentas para ultrapassar outras dificuldades vindouras, é crucial. O presente estudo de
desenho misto, predominantemente qualitativo, tem como objetivo desenvolver e avaliar
uma intervenção grupal baseada na teoria cognitiva-narrativa, num contexto de processo de
luto durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Participaram na intervenção e no estudo quatro
pacientes com idades entre 18 e 65 anos (M= 49.25; DP= 21.24). Para a recolha de dados
quantitativos (comparando resultados no pré e pós-teste) os participantes responderam a um
questionário geral e sociodemográfico, ao The Grief and Meaning Reconstruction Inventory,
ao Instrumento de Avaliação de Luto Prolongado, e à Escala de Ansiedade e Depressão
Hospitalar. Para avaliação do processo de intervenção, no final da mesma foi aplicada uma
ficha individual e entrevista em grupo. Os resultados indicaram uma redução significativa
dos níveis de ansiedade e depressão num dos pacientes, uma redução significativa da
sensação de vazio e falta de significado na maioria dos pacientes, indicando que três dos
quatro pacientes, conseguiram atribuir significado à perda após a intervenção, assim como a
redução da sintomatologia associada ao luto prolongado num dos pacientes. A análise
temática realizada aos dados qualitativos evidenciou duas categorias principais, os pontos
fortes da intervenção (e.g., adaptação ao luto e partilha) e alguns pontos a melhorar (e.g.,
feedback mais regular e composição do grupo). Apesar das limitações (e.g., amostra
reduzida), os resultados apontam para um potencial efeito positivo deste tipo de intervenção.
In the most recent pandemic, the number of deaths was very high, putting many people into the grieving process. Alongside the grieving process, individuals still faced constraints associated with the pandemic of COVID-19, which at an early stage included social withdrawal, enforced isolation within the home, lack of opportunity to say goodbye to hospitalized loved ones, among others. Investing in bereavement interventions that can mitigate the effects associated with bereavement, but also that can function as tools to overcome other difficulties to come, is crucial. The present mixed-design, predominantly qualitative study, aims to develop and evaluate a group intervention based on cognitivenarrative theory in a context of the bereavement process during the COVID-19 pandemic. Four patients aged between 18 and 65 years (M= 49.25; DP= 21.24) participated in the intervention and study. For quantitative data collection (comparing results at pre- and posttest) participants answered a general and sociodemographic questionnaire, The Grief and Meaning Reconstruction Inventory, the Prolonged Grief Disorder, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. To evaluate the intervention process, an individual form and group interview were applied at the end of the intervention. The results indicated a significant reduction in the levels of anxiety and depression in one of the patients, a significant reduction in the feeling of emptiness and meaninglessness in most of the patients, indicating that three of the four patients were able to attribute meaning to the loss after the intervention, as well as a reduction in the symptomatology associated with prolonged mourning in one of the patients. The thematic analysis performed on the qualitative data highlighted two main categories, the strengths of the intervention (e.g., adjustment to grief and sharing) and some points for improvement (e.g., more regular feedback and group composition). Despite the limitations (e.g., small sample size), the results point to a potential positive effect of this type of intervention.
In the most recent pandemic, the number of deaths was very high, putting many people into the grieving process. Alongside the grieving process, individuals still faced constraints associated with the pandemic of COVID-19, which at an early stage included social withdrawal, enforced isolation within the home, lack of opportunity to say goodbye to hospitalized loved ones, among others. Investing in bereavement interventions that can mitigate the effects associated with bereavement, but also that can function as tools to overcome other difficulties to come, is crucial. The present mixed-design, predominantly qualitative study, aims to develop and evaluate a group intervention based on cognitivenarrative theory in a context of the bereavement process during the COVID-19 pandemic. Four patients aged between 18 and 65 years (M= 49.25; DP= 21.24) participated in the intervention and study. For quantitative data collection (comparing results at pre- and posttest) participants answered a general and sociodemographic questionnaire, The Grief and Meaning Reconstruction Inventory, the Prolonged Grief Disorder, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. To evaluate the intervention process, an individual form and group interview were applied at the end of the intervention. The results indicated a significant reduction in the levels of anxiety and depression in one of the patients, a significant reduction in the feeling of emptiness and meaninglessness in most of the patients, indicating that three of the four patients were able to attribute meaning to the loss after the intervention, as well as a reduction in the symptomatology associated with prolonged mourning in one of the patients. The thematic analysis performed on the qualitative data highlighted two main categories, the strengths of the intervention (e.g., adjustment to grief and sharing) and some points for improvement (e.g., more regular feedback and group composition). Despite the limitations (e.g., small sample size), the results point to a potential positive effect of this type of intervention.
Description
Keywords
Processo de luto Estratégias de coping Pandemia de COVID-19 Intervenção cognitiva-narrativa Intervenção grupal Grief process Coping strategies COVID-19 pandemic Cognitive-narrative intervention Group intervention