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Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação tem por objetivo analisar as caraterísticas ideológicas e fundamentais do Pensamento de Xi Jinping, a mais recente inovação ideológica do Partido Comunista da China. Xi Jinping tornou-se no líder incontestado da China e do partido comunista chinês em 2013, acumulando rapidamente os três cargos mais poderosos: Xi Jinping é Presidente da República Popular, Presidente da Comissão Militar Central e Secretário-Geral do Partido Comunista da China. Em 2017, Xi introduziu oficialmente a sua contribuição ideológica na forma da mais recente forma sinificada de marxismo-leninismo. Quando Xi subiu ao poder, muitos presumiram que o seu mandato seria uma continuação dos últimos 40 anos de abertura económica iniciados por Deng Xiaoping e que as reformas económicas e a abertura ao exterior seriam parte integrante da sua doutrina política. Desde então, Xi Jinping provou constantemente que tais presunções sem encontram fundamentalmente incorretas: o Pensamento de Xi Jinping é estatista, neoleninista, autocrático, ditatorial e representa uma reafirmação da doutrina ortodoxa marxista-leninista no contexto chinês. Ao longo desta tese, serão analisados os principais elementos ideológico do Pensamento de Xi Jinping, as suas origens e sobretudo a interpretação pessoal de Xi dos princípios marxistas-leninistas e como o atual presidente chinês os aplica na prática para solucionar as contradições atuais da sociedade chinesa.
This dissertation aims to analyse the ideological and fundamental characteristics of Xi Jinping Thought, the most recent ideological innovation of the Communist Party of China. Xi Jinping became the undisputed leader of China and the Chinese Communist Party in 2013, quickly accumulating the three most powerful positions: President of the People's Republic, Chairman of the Central Military Commission, and General Secretary of the Communist Party of China. In 2017, Xi officially introduced his ideological contribution in the form of the latest sinified form of Marxism-Leninism. When Xi came to power, many assumed that his tenure would be a continuation of the last 40 years of economic opening-up initiated by Deng Xiaoping and that economic reforms and opening up to the outside world would be an integral part of his political doctrine. Since then, Xi Jinping has consistently proven that such presumptions are fundamentally incorrect: Xi Jinping Thought is statist, neo-Leninist, autocratic and dictatorial, representing a reassertion of orthodox Marxist doctrine in the Chinese context. Throughout this thesis, the main ideological elements of Xi Jinping Thought will be analysed, as well as its origins and above all Xi's personal interpretation of Marxist-Leninist principles and he applies them in practice to solve the current contradictions present in Chinese society.
This dissertation aims to analyse the ideological and fundamental characteristics of Xi Jinping Thought, the most recent ideological innovation of the Communist Party of China. Xi Jinping became the undisputed leader of China and the Chinese Communist Party in 2013, quickly accumulating the three most powerful positions: President of the People's Republic, Chairman of the Central Military Commission, and General Secretary of the Communist Party of China. In 2017, Xi officially introduced his ideological contribution in the form of the latest sinified form of Marxism-Leninism. When Xi came to power, many assumed that his tenure would be a continuation of the last 40 years of economic opening-up initiated by Deng Xiaoping and that economic reforms and opening up to the outside world would be an integral part of his political doctrine. Since then, Xi Jinping has consistently proven that such presumptions are fundamentally incorrect: Xi Jinping Thought is statist, neo-Leninist, autocratic and dictatorial, representing a reassertion of orthodox Marxist doctrine in the Chinese context. Throughout this thesis, the main ideological elements of Xi Jinping Thought will be analysed, as well as its origins and above all Xi's personal interpretation of Marxist-Leninist principles and he applies them in practice to solve the current contradictions present in Chinese society.
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Keywords
Partido Comunista da China Marxismo-Leninismo Pensamento de Xi Jinping Sinificação do Marxismo Nacionalismo Ideologia pura Ideologia prática Filosofias chinesas Socialismo com características chinesas Chinese Communist Party Marxism-Leninism Xi Jinping thought Sinification of Marxism Nationalism Practical ideology Chinese philosophies Socialism with chinese characteristics