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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Encontramo-nos hoje em plena revolução algorítmica que traz consigo desafios sem precedentes. Em consequência do avanço tecnológico a que vimos assistindo e do impacto que o mesmo tem causado, visível na vida quotidiana de qualquer um de nós, têm surgido algumas questões em torno da utilização e aplicação dos vários sistemas tecnológicos aos mais vastos setores da sociedade, não sendo a área do Direito exceção. As inovações no campo das tecnologias da informação, de que são exemplo os sistemas de Inteligência Artificial, têm vindo a ser incorporadas nas várias áreas do Direito. A presente dissertação tem como escopo a análise crítica do impacto da sua aplicação no campo do Direito Administrativo, nomeadamente a sua utilização na tomada de decisões administrativas e as vastas implicações na tutela dos direitos fundamentais. Se é certo que o recurso às técnicas de IA tem sido um contributo importantíssimo para a boa gestão da máquina pública, transformando a elevada quantidade de dados em informação relevante, encontrando padrões, antecipando falhas e otimizando ações, não é menos evidente que o recurso a estas técnicas alberga complexos desafios e preocupações, desde logo, quanto àquelas decisões que afetam direitos e interesses dos administrados. É, assim, imperativo tentar perceber se, e em que medida, podemos responsabilizar os agentes artificiais que se substituem aos responsáveis pela tomada de decisões administrativas, e se tal não for possível, a quem pode ser assacada a responsabilidade pelo dano resultante daquelas decisões. Cingir-nos-emos à responsabilidade civil extracontratual por ser aquela que mais dúvidas apresenta, e dentro desta, à responsabilidade pelo risco, por entendermos ser aquele que melhor se coaduna às exigências emergentes da sociedade de risco tecnológico em que vivemos.
In the present times, we are faced with an algorithmic revolution of unprecedented challenges. As a result of the technological advances that we have been witnessing, and the impact it has caused, visible in our daily lives, some questions have arisen regarding the use and application of the various technological systems in the various sectors of society, and Law is no exception. Innovations in the field of information technology, such as Artificial Intelligence systems, have been incorporated into various areas of law. The present thesis aims to critically analyze the impact of its application in the field of Administrative Law, namely its use in administrative decision-making and the vast implications on the protection of fundamental rights. If it is true that the use of AI techniques has been an important contribution to the public machine efficiency, transforming a large amount of data into relevant information, finding patterns, anticipating failures, and optimizing actions, it is expected that the use of these techniques also encompasses complex challenges and concerns, especially regarding those decisions that affect the rights and interest of the citizens. It is, therefore, crucial to make an effort to understand if, and to what extent, we can hold the artificial agents that replace those responsible for making administrative decisions accountable, as well as contemplate who can be liable for the damage that can result from those decisions. We will stick to non-contractual civil liability as it is the one who presents the most doubts, and within it, to the strict liability, because in our understanding is the one that fits the best the emerging demands of the technological risk society in which we live.
In the present times, we are faced with an algorithmic revolution of unprecedented challenges. As a result of the technological advances that we have been witnessing, and the impact it has caused, visible in our daily lives, some questions have arisen regarding the use and application of the various technological systems in the various sectors of society, and Law is no exception. Innovations in the field of information technology, such as Artificial Intelligence systems, have been incorporated into various areas of law. The present thesis aims to critically analyze the impact of its application in the field of Administrative Law, namely its use in administrative decision-making and the vast implications on the protection of fundamental rights. If it is true that the use of AI techniques has been an important contribution to the public machine efficiency, transforming a large amount of data into relevant information, finding patterns, anticipating failures, and optimizing actions, it is expected that the use of these techniques also encompasses complex challenges and concerns, especially regarding those decisions that affect the rights and interest of the citizens. It is, therefore, crucial to make an effort to understand if, and to what extent, we can hold the artificial agents that replace those responsible for making administrative decisions accountable, as well as contemplate who can be liable for the damage that can result from those decisions. We will stick to non-contractual civil liability as it is the one who presents the most doubts, and within it, to the strict liability, because in our understanding is the one that fits the best the emerging demands of the technological risk society in which we live.
Description
Keywords
Inteligência artificial Direitos fundamentais Decisões administrativas Responsabilidade civil extracontratual Artificial intelligence Fundamental rights Administrative decisions Tort civil liability