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Nexo de causalidade nos acidentes de trabalho : o problema do enfarte do miocárdio
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A presente dissertação analisa a qualificação jurídica do enfarte agudo do miocárdio (EAM) como acidente de trabalho, com especial enfoque no nexo de causalidade e na aplicação de presunções legais. Tendo por base uma abordagem técnico-jurídica e jurisprudencial, o estudo examina as dificuldades de enquadramento do EAM como acidente reparável em Portugal, contrapondo com a solução normativa e jurisprudencial consagrada em Espanha, ao abrigo da Ley General de La Seguridad Social. Conclui-se que, enquanto a jurisprudência portuguesa tem adotado uma posição formalista e restritiva – exigindo prova de esforço anormal e súbito – a jurisprudência espanhola assume uma perspetiva mais protetora, em virtude da flexível presunção de laboralidade. Defende-se uma evolução interpretativa no ordenamento português, que permita uma aplicação mais eficaz da tutela acidentária em casos de enfarte, sempre que existam indícios objetivos de ligação ao exercício laboral.
This dissertation analyzes the legal classification of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) as an occupational accident, with particular emphasis on the causal nexus and the application of legal presumptions. Based on a technical-legal and jurisprudential approach, the study examines the challenges of recognizing AMI as a compensable work-related accident under Portuguese law, contrasting it with the normative and jurisprudential framework established in Spain, particularly under the Ley General de la Seguridad Social. The conclusion reached is that, while Portuguese jurisprudence has adopted a formalistic and restrictive stance—requiring evidence of abnormal and sudden exertion—Spanish jurisprudence reflects a more protective position, supported by a flexible presumption of work-relatedness. The dissertation ultimately advocates for an interpretative evolution within the Portuguese legal system, promoting a more effective application of occupational accident protection in AMI cases, whenever there are objective indications of a connection with professional activity.
This dissertation analyzes the legal classification of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) as an occupational accident, with particular emphasis on the causal nexus and the application of legal presumptions. Based on a technical-legal and jurisprudential approach, the study examines the challenges of recognizing AMI as a compensable work-related accident under Portuguese law, contrasting it with the normative and jurisprudential framework established in Spain, particularly under the Ley General de la Seguridad Social. The conclusion reached is that, while Portuguese jurisprudence has adopted a formalistic and restrictive stance—requiring evidence of abnormal and sudden exertion—Spanish jurisprudence reflects a more protective position, supported by a flexible presumption of work-relatedness. The dissertation ultimately advocates for an interpretative evolution within the Portuguese legal system, promoting a more effective application of occupational accident protection in AMI cases, whenever there are objective indications of a connection with professional activity.
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Direito do trabalho Enfarte agudo do miocárdio Acidente de trabalho Nexo de causalidade Presunção de causalidade Jurisprudência Labour law Acute myocardial infarction Occupational accident Causal nexus Presumption of casuality Jurisprudence
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