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Authors
Abstract(s)
Introdução: O uso de contracetivos orais gera níveis séricos elevados de progesterona e estrogénios, cujos recetores específicos também se encontram em tecidos orais, podendo desta forma exercer alterações no estado de saúde oral da mulher. A utilização de aparelho ortodôntico pelas mulheres, ao poder comprometer uma eficiente higienização oral, pode eventualmente constituir um fator adicional para a ativação dos mecanismos de resposta imunológica.
Encontrar soluções de diagnóstico molecular facilitará a avaliação precoce e o acompanhamento de desequilíbrios da saúde oral.
Objetivos: Estratégias de avaliação global de perfis moleculares em saliva permitem caracterizar estados de saúde e de evolução para a doença. A caracterização do perfil total de proteínas presentes na saliva, em fases do ciclo hormonal em mulheres com toma de contracetivos combinados em portadoras e não portadoras de aparelho ortodôntico, permitirá: 1- Estabelecer se há proteínas diferentemente expressas na saliva ao longo do ciclo hormonal e se estas permitem caracterizar fases do ciclo; 2- Estabelecer se a utilização de aparelho ortodôntico induz alterações na expressão de proteínas ao longo do ciclo e se é possível identificar proteínas relacionadas com alterações da resposta imune; 3- Validar a ferramenta SalivaPrint Toolkit, para identificar a fase do ciclo hormonal em indivíduos portadores e não portadores de aparelho ortodôntico.
Materiais e Métodos: Recolha e processamento de saliva em mulheres com terapia hormonal contracetiva combinada, em portadoras e em não portadoras de aparelho ortodôntico. A determinação dos perfis totais de proteínas foi realizada por eletroforese capilar em micro-chips. A identificação das proteínas representadas pelo perfil de eletroforese foi obtida através da base de dados SalivaTecDB. Os mecanismos moleculares em que participam as proteínas selecionadas foram determinados com recurso a ferramentas bioinformáticas.
Resultados: Foram recolhidas amostras de saliva a 32 mulheres saudáveis, 17 portadoras de aparelho ortodôntico e 15 não portadoras de aparelho ortodôntico. A análise estatística dos parâmetros salivares e clínicos mostraram não existirem diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os 2 grupos.
A comparação dos perfis totais de proteínas demonstra diferenças na expressão de proteínas ao longo do ciclo hormonal. O mesmo se verifica no perfil de expressão de proteínas entre as populações portadoras e não portadoras de aparelho ortodôntico.
Foram também identificadas proteínas as Kallikrein, implicadas em diversos processos fisiológicos e patológicos e que podem vir a constituir importantes biomarcadores para avaliar a saúde oral com fases do ciclo hormonal.
Conclusões: Foram pela primeira vez estabelecidas estratégias moleculares, nomeadamente a utilização do perfil total de proteínas presentes na saliva, para avaliar alterações da saúde oral eventualmente decorrentes da toma de terapia hormonal contracetiva combinada.
Os resultados do trabalho permitiram também estabelecer uma estratégia molecular que permite a avaliação da saúde oral em mulheres portadoras de aparelho ortodôntico e que estejam com terapia hormonal contracetiva combinada.
Introduction: The use of oral contraceptives generates elevated serum levels of progesterone and estrogens, whose specific receptors are also found in oral tissues, and may therefore alter the woman's oral health status. The use of orthodontic appliances by women, because they can compromise an efficient oral hygiene, may eventually be an additional factor for the activation of immune response mechanisms. Finding molecular diagnostic solutions will facilitate the early assessment and monitoring of oral health imbalances. Objectives: Strategies of global assessment of molecular profiles in saliva allow to characterize health status and evolution for the disease. The characterization of the total protein profile present in the saliva, in phases of the hormonal cycle in women with combined contraceptives in carriers and without orthodontic appliance, will allow: 1 - To establish if there are proteins differently expressed in the saliva throughout the hormonal cycle and if they allow to characterize phases of the cycle; 2- Establish if the use of orthodontic appliance induces changes in the expression of proteins along the cycle and if it is possible to identify proteins related to alterations of the immune response; 3- Validate the tool SalivaPrint Toolkit, to identify the phase of the hormonal cycle in individuals with and without orthodontic appliances. Materials and Methods: Saliva collection and processing in women with combined contraceptive hormone therapy in patients with and without orthodontic appliances. The determination of the total protein profiles was performed by capillary electrophoresis in microchips. The identification of the proteins represented by the electrophoresis profile was obtained through the SalivaTecDB database. The molecular mechanisms in which the selected proteins participate were determined using bioinformatic tools. Results: Saliva samples were collected from 32 healthy women, 17 with orthodontic appliances and 15 without orthodontic appliances. Statistical analysis of salivary and clinical parameters showed no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups. Comparison of total protein profiles demonstrates differences in protein expression throughout the hormonal cycle. The same happens in the protein expression profile between the groups with and without orthodontic appliance. Also identified were kallikreins, implicated in various physiological and pathological processes and which may constitute important biomarkers to evaluate oral health with phases of the hormonal cycle. Conclusions: For the first time molecular strategies were established, namely the use of the total protein profile present in the saliva, to evaluate changes in oral health, possibly resulting from combined contraceptive hormone therapy. The results of the study also allowed the establishment of a molecular strategy that allows the evaluation of oral health in women with orthodontic appliances and who are undergoing combined contraceptive hormone therapy.
Introduction: The use of oral contraceptives generates elevated serum levels of progesterone and estrogens, whose specific receptors are also found in oral tissues, and may therefore alter the woman's oral health status. The use of orthodontic appliances by women, because they can compromise an efficient oral hygiene, may eventually be an additional factor for the activation of immune response mechanisms. Finding molecular diagnostic solutions will facilitate the early assessment and monitoring of oral health imbalances. Objectives: Strategies of global assessment of molecular profiles in saliva allow to characterize health status and evolution for the disease. The characterization of the total protein profile present in the saliva, in phases of the hormonal cycle in women with combined contraceptives in carriers and without orthodontic appliance, will allow: 1 - To establish if there are proteins differently expressed in the saliva throughout the hormonal cycle and if they allow to characterize phases of the cycle; 2- Establish if the use of orthodontic appliance induces changes in the expression of proteins along the cycle and if it is possible to identify proteins related to alterations of the immune response; 3- Validate the tool SalivaPrint Toolkit, to identify the phase of the hormonal cycle in individuals with and without orthodontic appliances. Materials and Methods: Saliva collection and processing in women with combined contraceptive hormone therapy in patients with and without orthodontic appliances. The determination of the total protein profiles was performed by capillary electrophoresis in microchips. The identification of the proteins represented by the electrophoresis profile was obtained through the SalivaTecDB database. The molecular mechanisms in which the selected proteins participate were determined using bioinformatic tools. Results: Saliva samples were collected from 32 healthy women, 17 with orthodontic appliances and 15 without orthodontic appliances. Statistical analysis of salivary and clinical parameters showed no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups. Comparison of total protein profiles demonstrates differences in protein expression throughout the hormonal cycle. The same happens in the protein expression profile between the groups with and without orthodontic appliance. Also identified were kallikreins, implicated in various physiological and pathological processes and which may constitute important biomarkers to evaluate oral health with phases of the hormonal cycle. Conclusions: For the first time molecular strategies were established, namely the use of the total protein profile present in the saliva, to evaluate changes in oral health, possibly resulting from combined contraceptive hormone therapy. The results of the study also allowed the establishment of a molecular strategy that allows the evaluation of oral health in women with orthodontic appliances and who are undergoing combined contraceptive hormone therapy.
Description
Keywords
Proteínas na saliva e ciclo hormonal Proteínas e contracetivos orais combinados Proteínas e tratamento ortodôntico Proteins in the saliva and hormonal cycle Combined oral proteins and contraceptives Proteins and orthodontic treatment