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Abstract(s)
No âmbito do Curso de Mestrado em Enfermagem na área de especialização em Enfermagem de Saúde Infantil e Pediátrica da Universidade Católica Portuguesa, o presente relatório visa analisar critico-reflexivamente o desenvolvimento de competências decorrente do processo formativo. Considerando que a intervenção especializada à criança/jovem e família visa a promoção da saúde, a prevenção de complicações e o autocuidado, em qualquer contexto de cuidados de Enfermagem (Ordem dos Enfermeiros, 2011), estabeleceu-se como temática a Promoção do Autocuidado na criança/jovem, focado na criança com necessidades especiais de saúde. A definição baseou-se no interesse em aprofundar conhecimentos e desenvolver competências neste âmbito e o reconhecimento do referencial teórico de Orem (1985) como excelente orientador da prática profissional, compreendendo o autocuidado como resultado sensível aos cuidados de Enfermagem. Desenvolveu-se uma scoping review pela metodologia Joanna Briggs Institute (2014), com a questão de revisão “Quais as intervenções de Enfermagem promotoras do autocuidado da criança com necessidades especiais de saúde?”. Efetuou-se pesquisa nas bases de dados sciELO, CINAHL (via EBSCO) e MEDLINE (via EBSCO), incluindo artigos compreendidos entre 2013 e 2018, representantes de evidência científica recente. A revisão de literatura evidenciou quatro áreas de intervenção de Enfermagem promotoras do autocuidado a criança/jovem: a avaliação das necessidades e necessidades de autocuidado; a educação para a saúde no sentido da prevenção de complicações, do esclarecimento sobre opções terapêuticas e de estratégias de gestão da doença/necessidade especial; a instrução e o treino de habilidades referentes ao autocuidado e, transversal às intervenções anteriores, o suporte emocional. Considerando as áreas de intervenção identificadas e o referencial teórico de Orem (1985), planearam-se atividades para cada contexto de estágio, segundo a metodologia de projeto (Nunes, Ruivo & Ferrito, 2010). No estágio de Cuidados de Saúde Primários foram desenvolvidas atividades inerentes à intervenção precoce na infância, prevenção/vigilância de maus-tratos infantis e colaboração no Curso de Massagem Infantil. As atividades dinamizadas em Urgência Pediátrica foram ao encontro da prestação direta de cuidados à criança/jovem e família, considerando a atuação em situação de doença aguda, a maximização da saúde e a promoção do autocuidado. Tendo por base o referencial teórico em aplicação, elaborou-se um plano de cuidados direcionado ao adolescente com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 inaugural. Em Unidade de Cuidados Intermédios Neonatais, a par da prestação de cuidados ao recém-nascido, desenvolveu-se um guia para pais, orientador dos cuidados ao recém nascido no internamento, visando a parceria de cuidados. Na Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatais e Pediátricos, incidiu-se na prestação de cuidados à criança/jovem em situação de saúde complexa e foi elaborado um plano de cuidados com base na Teoria de Orem (1985) direcionado à criança com miopatia congénita. O percurso formativo permitiu o desenvolvimento de competências de Enfermeiro Especialista, com maior enfoque nas competências específicas do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Infantil e Pediátrica das quais se destacam o aprofundamento de conhecimentos sobre os fenómenos de saúde-doença na criança/jovem, a identificação precoce de necessidades, a promoção do autocuidado e a parceria de cuidados. Transversalmente, possibilitou também a aquisição de competências requeridas para atribuição do grau de Mestre.
In the scope of the Master's Degree in Nursing in the area of specialization in Child and Pediatric Health Nursing of the Catholic University of Portugal, this report aims to analyze critically-reflexively the development of competencies arising from the training process. Considering that the specialized intervention for the child/youth and family aims at the promotion of health, prevention of illness and self-care, at all contexts of Nursing care (Nurses' Order, 2011), Promotion of Self-Care of the child/youth focusing on the child with special health needs was defined as the main theme. The definition was based on the interest in deepening knowledge and developing skills in this field and also the recognition of Orem's theoretical framework (1985) as an excellent guide to professional practice, considering self-care as a result sensitive to Nursing care. A scoping review was developed according to the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology (2014), to answer the review question "What are the nursing interventions that promote the self-care of children with special health needs?" Research at the databases sciELO, CINAHL (via EBSCO) and MEDLINE (via EBSCO) was made, including articles from 2013 to 2018, representatives of recent scientific evidence. The literature review evidenced four areas of Nursing intervention promoting child/youth self-care: the assessment of needs and demands for self-care; health education for the prevention of complications, clarification about therapeutic options and strategies for managing the disease/special need; instruction and training of abilities related to the self-care and, transversal to the previous interventions, the emotional support. Considering the areas of intervention identified and the theoretical reference of Orem (1985), activities were planned for each stage context, according to the project methodology (Nunes, Ruivo & Ferrito, 2010). In the Primary Health Care internship, activities were developed in early childhood intervention, prevention and surveillance of child maltreatment and collaboration in the Infant Massage Course. The dynamized activities in Pediatric Emergency focused the direct provision of care to the child/youth and family, considering the intervention in situation of acute illness, the maximization of health and the promotion of self-care. Based on the theoretical reference in application, a plan of care directed to the adolescent with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus was inaugurated. At the Neonatal Intermediate Care Unit, along with the provision of care for the newborn, a guide for parents was developed, guiding the care of the newborn in the hospital, aiming at the care partnership. At the Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, activities included provision of care to the child/youth experiencing a complex health situation and we developed a care plan based on Orem's Theory (1985) to a child with congenital myopathy. The training course allowed the development of skills of Specialist Nurse, with a greater focus on the specific competences of the Child and Pediatric Health Specialist Nurse, which highlights the deepening of knowledge about the health-illness phenomena in the child/youth, the identification of needs, the promotion of self-care and the care partnership. Transversally, it also enabled the development and competencies required for the attribution of the Master degree.
In the scope of the Master's Degree in Nursing in the area of specialization in Child and Pediatric Health Nursing of the Catholic University of Portugal, this report aims to analyze critically-reflexively the development of competencies arising from the training process. Considering that the specialized intervention for the child/youth and family aims at the promotion of health, prevention of illness and self-care, at all contexts of Nursing care (Nurses' Order, 2011), Promotion of Self-Care of the child/youth focusing on the child with special health needs was defined as the main theme. The definition was based on the interest in deepening knowledge and developing skills in this field and also the recognition of Orem's theoretical framework (1985) as an excellent guide to professional practice, considering self-care as a result sensitive to Nursing care. A scoping review was developed according to the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology (2014), to answer the review question "What are the nursing interventions that promote the self-care of children with special health needs?" Research at the databases sciELO, CINAHL (via EBSCO) and MEDLINE (via EBSCO) was made, including articles from 2013 to 2018, representatives of recent scientific evidence. The literature review evidenced four areas of Nursing intervention promoting child/youth self-care: the assessment of needs and demands for self-care; health education for the prevention of complications, clarification about therapeutic options and strategies for managing the disease/special need; instruction and training of abilities related to the self-care and, transversal to the previous interventions, the emotional support. Considering the areas of intervention identified and the theoretical reference of Orem (1985), activities were planned for each stage context, according to the project methodology (Nunes, Ruivo & Ferrito, 2010). In the Primary Health Care internship, activities were developed in early childhood intervention, prevention and surveillance of child maltreatment and collaboration in the Infant Massage Course. The dynamized activities in Pediatric Emergency focused the direct provision of care to the child/youth and family, considering the intervention in situation of acute illness, the maximization of health and the promotion of self-care. Based on the theoretical reference in application, a plan of care directed to the adolescent with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus was inaugurated. At the Neonatal Intermediate Care Unit, along with the provision of care for the newborn, a guide for parents was developed, guiding the care of the newborn in the hospital, aiming at the care partnership. At the Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, activities included provision of care to the child/youth experiencing a complex health situation and we developed a care plan based on Orem's Theory (1985) to a child with congenital myopathy. The training course allowed the development of skills of Specialist Nurse, with a greater focus on the specific competences of the Child and Pediatric Health Specialist Nurse, which highlights the deepening of knowledge about the health-illness phenomena in the child/youth, the identification of needs, the promotion of self-care and the care partnership. Transversally, it also enabled the development and competencies required for the attribution of the Master degree.
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Keywords
Enfermagem Criança Autocuidado Nursing Child Self-care