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Contratação coletiva para lá da subordinação : conciliação do direito à contratação coletiva com o direito da concorrência
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Na presente dissertação, trata-se a temática do acesso dos trabalhadores não subordinados à contratação coletiva e de que formas este pode ser conciliado com as normas de direito da concorrência. Para este efeito, começa-se por enquadrar o problema da conciliação dos direitos à contratação coletiva e à concorrência, expondo a jurisprudência mais relevante do TJ nesta matéria, explicando a isenção criada ao direito da concorrência para a contratação coletiva. Seguidamente, atenta-se no conceito de “trabalhador” relevante a nível do direito da União Europeia, de forma a esclarecer os sujeitos relativamente aos quais se poderá aplicar a isenção. Concluindo que, no direito da União os trabalhadores são qualificados em apenas duas categorias, uma associada à subordinação e outra englobando todos os restantes trabalhadores, explicita-se a dificuldade que este entendimento cria para a proteção de determinados trabalhadores independentes vulneráveis e a tendência em alguns Estados-Membros, inclusivamente Portugal, para a criação de categorias intermédias de trabalhadores. Cabe assim expor os argumentos doutrinais e da Comissão Europeia que procuram conciliar a contratação coletiva por trabalhadores independentes e o direito da concorrência, analisando as Orientações da última nesta matéria. Por fim, trata-se a dimensão to tema a nível nacional, em Portugal, particularmente tratando as alterações introduzidas pela Agenda do Trabalho Digno, que consagra a contratação coletiva por trabalhadores independentes.
This thesis addresses the issue of collective bargaining by self-employed workers and how it can be reconciled with competition law. To this end, the study begins by framing the challenge of reconciling collective bargaining rights and competition rules, examining the most relevant case law of the Court of Justice and explaining the exemption created under competition law for collective bargaining. Next, the analysis focuses on the concept of ‘worker’ under EU law, in order to clarify which individuals may benefit from this exemption. Concluding that EU law classifies workers into only two categories, one linked to subordination and the other encompassing all remaining workers, the study highlights the difficulties this binary approach creates in protecting certain vulnerable self-employed workers. It also notes the trend in some Member States, including Portugal, toward recognizing intermediate categories of workers. The dissertation then explores doctrinal arguments and the European Commission’s efforts to harmonize collective bargaining for self-employed workers with competition law, particularly through its Guidelines on this matter. Finally, it examines the national dimension of this issue in Portugal, focusing on changes introduced by a recent alteration of its labour laws, which enshrines collective bargaining rights for self-employed workers.
This thesis addresses the issue of collective bargaining by self-employed workers and how it can be reconciled with competition law. To this end, the study begins by framing the challenge of reconciling collective bargaining rights and competition rules, examining the most relevant case law of the Court of Justice and explaining the exemption created under competition law for collective bargaining. Next, the analysis focuses on the concept of ‘worker’ under EU law, in order to clarify which individuals may benefit from this exemption. Concluding that EU law classifies workers into only two categories, one linked to subordination and the other encompassing all remaining workers, the study highlights the difficulties this binary approach creates in protecting certain vulnerable self-employed workers. It also notes the trend in some Member States, including Portugal, toward recognizing intermediate categories of workers. The dissertation then explores doctrinal arguments and the European Commission’s efforts to harmonize collective bargaining for self-employed workers with competition law, particularly through its Guidelines on this matter. Finally, it examines the national dimension of this issue in Portugal, focusing on changes introduced by a recent alteration of its labour laws, which enshrines collective bargaining rights for self-employed workers.
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Contratação coletiva Direito da concorrência Trabalhadores independentes Agenda do trabalho digno Collective bargaining Competition law Self-employed workers Decent work agenda
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Without CC licence