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Abstract(s)
A figura do agente infiltrado caracteriza-se, enquanto método oculto de investigação, como sendo um dos modos mais eficaz para combater as mais complexas formas de criminalidade que com a evolução dos tempos se fez sentir. As ações encobertas têm em vista a realização de um ou variados atos de investigação e descoberta que culminam na obtenção de provas relativas ao crime e aos seus autores. A par desta realidade em parte dúbia, em razão da sua natureza oculta, levantamse questões relativamente à sua admissibilidade à luz do regime de proibição de prova previsto no art. 126.º do Código de Processo Penal. Abordado este ponto elementar e partindo do princípio da sua admissibilidade - mantendo presentes as fragilidades e limites subjacentes a este método de investigação criminal - o pretendido com este trabalho é, de acordo com o regime jurídico das ações encobertas, determinar qual o valor da prova obtida pelo agente na ação em que interveio e a forma como pode o mesmo produzi-la em processo penal. O agente que tenha atuado numa ação encoberta sob identidade fictícia nos termos da lei, poderá, de acordo com a verificação de determinadas premissas, prestar declarações em audiência de julgamento sob condições de anonimato. Esta medida de proteção do agente infiltrado, enquanto testemunha no processo penal, será aplicada respeitando o regime da Lei de Proteção de Testemunhas, que além de prever os trâmites da aplicação desta medida determina, ainda que de forma implícita, a proporção que o testemunho do agente pode assumir relativamente à fundamentação e tomada de decisão que compete ao Juiz em audiência de julgamento. Ambicionamos neste seguimento, delinear o particular valor probatório do testemunho prestado pelo agente em causa considerando possíveis limitações e exigências que esta temática possa apresentar face ao regime geral da livre apreciação da prova.
The figure of the undercover agent is characterized, as a occult method of investigation, as being one of the most effective ways to combat the most complex forms of crime that has evolved with the times. The undercover actions are designed at carrying out one or several acts of investigation and discovery that end up in obtaining evidence about to the crime and its perpetrators. Alongside this partly dubious reality, due to its occult nature, questions are raised regarding its admissibility under the regime of prohibition of evidence provided for in article 126.º of the Code of Criminal Procedure. Having approached this elementary point and based on the principle of its admissibility - keeping in mind the weaknesses and limits underlying this method of criminal investigation - the purpose of this work is, according to the legal regime of the undercover actions, to determine the value of the evidence obtained by the agent in the action in which he intervened and how he can produce it in the criminal process. The agent who has acted in a undercover action under a fictitious identity according to the terms of the law, may in line with the verification of certain premises, make statements at the trial audience under conditions of anonymity. This measure to protect the undercover agent, as a witness, in the criminal process will be applied in compliance with the Witness Protection Law, furthermore to providing the procedures for applying the measure, prescribe albeit implicitly, the proportion that the witness's testimony agent can assume in relation to the reasoning and decision-making that falls to the Judge at the trial audience. In this segment, we aim to outline the particular evidential value of the testimony provided by the agent in question, considering possible limitations and requirements that this subject may present in relation to the general regime of free assessment of the evidence.
The figure of the undercover agent is characterized, as a occult method of investigation, as being one of the most effective ways to combat the most complex forms of crime that has evolved with the times. The undercover actions are designed at carrying out one or several acts of investigation and discovery that end up in obtaining evidence about to the crime and its perpetrators. Alongside this partly dubious reality, due to its occult nature, questions are raised regarding its admissibility under the regime of prohibition of evidence provided for in article 126.º of the Code of Criminal Procedure. Having approached this elementary point and based on the principle of its admissibility - keeping in mind the weaknesses and limits underlying this method of criminal investigation - the purpose of this work is, according to the legal regime of the undercover actions, to determine the value of the evidence obtained by the agent in the action in which he intervened and how he can produce it in the criminal process. The agent who has acted in a undercover action under a fictitious identity according to the terms of the law, may in line with the verification of certain premises, make statements at the trial audience under conditions of anonymity. This measure to protect the undercover agent, as a witness, in the criminal process will be applied in compliance with the Witness Protection Law, furthermore to providing the procedures for applying the measure, prescribe albeit implicitly, the proportion that the witness's testimony agent can assume in relation to the reasoning and decision-making that falls to the Judge at the trial audience. In this segment, we aim to outline the particular evidential value of the testimony provided by the agent in question, considering possible limitations and requirements that this subject may present in relation to the general regime of free assessment of the evidence.
Description
Keywords
Ações encobertas Agente infiltrado Método oculto de investigação Métodos proibidos de prova Prova obtida Declarações anónimas Valoração da prova Undercover actions Undercover agent Occult method of investigation Prohibited methods of evidence Evidence obtained Anonymous statements Evidence valuation