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Os efeitos jurídicos da inobservância das normas de higiene e segurança no trabalho : a responsabilidade pelos acidentes de trabalho na perspetiva do artigo 18.º da LAT
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Abstract(s)
No nosso ordenamento jurídico, a responsabilidade por acidentes de trabalho é objetiva, isto é, baseada no risco associado à prestação da atividade laboral. Significa dizer que o empregador é responsável pelos acidentes ocorridos no tempo e local de trabalho, independentemente de culpa. A Entidade Empregadora, nos termos da lei, tem a incumbência de transferir a sua responsabilidade para as Entidades Seguradoras, através de um seguro de Acidentes de Trabalho. Note-se que a transferência de responsabilidade não é ilimitada, cingindo-se apenas à responsabilidade objetiva. Nem todos os acidentes provêm de eventos súbitos e exógenos ao trabalhador, pelos riscos da profissão, ocorrendo antes, muitas das vezes, pelos erros crassos cometidos pelo empregador, sujeitando os trabalhadores aos perigos decorrentes da inobservância de regras de segurança e saúde no trabalho por aquele. Com a elaboração da presente dissertação, pretendemos analisar aprofundadamente o artigo 18.º n.º1 2.ª parte da LAT que prevê a atuação culposa da Entidade Empregadora que se insere no âmbito da responsabilidade subjetiva. No nosso entendimento, trata-se das matérias mais relevantes neste âmbito, uma vez que demonstra que, pese embora haja uma maior consciencialização pela “cultura de segurança nos postos de trabalho”, continuam a registar-se inúmeros acidentes de trabalho pela falta de planeamento e prevenção de riscos. Este estudo será efetuado sempre à luz do entendimento da doutrina e diversificada jurisprudência existente.
In our legal system, the liability for work-related accidents is objective, since it is based on the risk associated with the provision of the work activities. This means that the employer is responsible for accidents occurring at the time and place of work, regardless of fault. The Employer, under the terms of the law, is responsible for transferring its responsibility to the Insurance Entities, through a worker’s accident insurance. It should be noted that the transfer of responsibility is not unlimited, being only limited to objective liability. Not all accidents come from sudden events that are exogenous to the worker. Taking into consideration the risks of the profession, accidents often occur due to gross errors committed by the employer, subjecting workers to dangers arising from non-compliance with safety and health rules on site (by that employer). Throughout this dissertation, we intend to analyze the article 18.º n.º 1 2nd part of the LAT in dept, which provides culpable actions to the Employer, falling within the scope of subjective liability. In our opinion, this is one of the most relevant matter in this context, as it demonstrates that, despite having greater awareness of the “safety culture in workplaces”, numerous work accidents continue to occur due to a lack of planning and risk prevention. The present study will always be carried out in light of the understanding of the doctrine and diversified existing jurisprudence.
In our legal system, the liability for work-related accidents is objective, since it is based on the risk associated with the provision of the work activities. This means that the employer is responsible for accidents occurring at the time and place of work, regardless of fault. The Employer, under the terms of the law, is responsible for transferring its responsibility to the Insurance Entities, through a worker’s accident insurance. It should be noted that the transfer of responsibility is not unlimited, being only limited to objective liability. Not all accidents come from sudden events that are exogenous to the worker. Taking into consideration the risks of the profession, accidents often occur due to gross errors committed by the employer, subjecting workers to dangers arising from non-compliance with safety and health rules on site (by that employer). Throughout this dissertation, we intend to analyze the article 18.º n.º 1 2nd part of the LAT in dept, which provides culpable actions to the Employer, falling within the scope of subjective liability. In our opinion, this is one of the most relevant matter in this context, as it demonstrates that, despite having greater awareness of the “safety culture in workplaces”, numerous work accidents continue to occur due to a lack of planning and risk prevention. The present study will always be carried out in light of the understanding of the doctrine and diversified existing jurisprudence.
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Acidente de trabalho Transferência da responsabilidade Agravamento da responsabilidade Entidade empregadora Atuação culposa Direito de regresso Work accident Transfer of responsibility Aggravation of responsibility Employer Culpable action Right of return
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