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Mediação penal : da mudança legal à mudança de mentalidades
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O presente estudo almeja uma compreensão da mediação penal enquanto prática restaurativa, apta a contribuir e a aprimorar a reação jurídico-penal ao crime, reforçando a unicidade do espaço de consenso, diálogo e participação ativa e voluntária, propostos tanto à vítima como ao autor da infração. Propõe-se uma desconstrução da Justiça Restaurativa na consideração da sua contestada conceptualização e na diversidade das suas inúmeras práticas, para que melhor se entenda no que consiste e de que modo interage com o Sistema penal, os seus objetivos, finalidades e, sobretudo, necessidades. Debruça-se o olhar sobre a aplicabilidade da mediação penal no ordenamento jurídico português, introduzida pela Lei n.º 21/2007 e consequência de exigências da União Europeia, que após um promissor começo, se encontra, à data de hoje, estagnada e sem previsões de um risonho futuro. Identificando, na complexidade de um conflito, diferentes dimensões, a mediação penal apresenta-se como complemento a uma resposta global ao crime, ainda que com finalidades e potencialidades próprias. Concluindo pela sua incapacidade de substituir na totalidade o Sistema Penal - os seus fins e conquistas de séculos - a mediação não deixa de ocupar um espaço importante e, sobretudo, único, que até então não tem sido credibilizado. Procurou-se, numa análise de fatores legais e extralegais, compreender a necessária mudança, quer da lei, quer de mentalidades, para que a potencialidade da mediação ouse sair do papel.
This study aims to understand criminal mediation as a restorative practice, capable of contributing to and improving the legal-penal reaction to crime. It reinforces the uniqueness of the space for consensus, dialog, and active and voluntary participation offered to both the victim and the perpetrator. It proposes a deconstruction of Restorative Justice, considering its disputed conceptualization and the diversity of its many practices, to better understand what it consists of and how it interacts with the criminal justice system, its objectives, goals, and, above all, its needs. It looks at the applicability of criminal mediation in the Portuguese legal system, introduced by Law no. 21/2007, and a consequence of European Union requirements, which, after a promising start, is currently stagnating and has no prospect of a bright future. By identifying different dimensions in the complexity of a conflict, criminal mediation presents itself as a complement to a global response to crime, albeit with its own purposes and potential. Although incapable of replacing the criminal justice system in its entirety - its goals and achievements of centuries - mediation still occupies an important and, above all, unique space, which, until now, has not been given credibility. In an analysis of legal and extra-legal factors, we sought to understand the necessary change, both in the law and in mentalities, so that the potential of mediation can dare to leave the paper.
This study aims to understand criminal mediation as a restorative practice, capable of contributing to and improving the legal-penal reaction to crime. It reinforces the uniqueness of the space for consensus, dialog, and active and voluntary participation offered to both the victim and the perpetrator. It proposes a deconstruction of Restorative Justice, considering its disputed conceptualization and the diversity of its many practices, to better understand what it consists of and how it interacts with the criminal justice system, its objectives, goals, and, above all, its needs. It looks at the applicability of criminal mediation in the Portuguese legal system, introduced by Law no. 21/2007, and a consequence of European Union requirements, which, after a promising start, is currently stagnating and has no prospect of a bright future. By identifying different dimensions in the complexity of a conflict, criminal mediation presents itself as a complement to a global response to crime, albeit with its own purposes and potential. Although incapable of replacing the criminal justice system in its entirety - its goals and achievements of centuries - mediation still occupies an important and, above all, unique space, which, until now, has not been given credibility. In an analysis of legal and extra-legal factors, we sought to understand the necessary change, both in the law and in mentalities, so that the potential of mediation can dare to leave the paper.
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Palavras-chave
Justiça restaurativa Mediação penal Conflito Diversidade Consenso Complemento Vítima Infrator Restorative justice Criminal mediation Conflict Diversity Consensus Complement Victim Offender