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Abstract(s)
O presente estudo analisa o regime da gestação de substituição no ordenamento jurídico português. Foi introduzida pela Lei n.º 25/2016, de 22 de agosto, na LPMA, derrogando a versão originária que a proibia expressamente e cominava com a nulidade os eventuais negócios celebrados, sendo, em tal situação, considerada como mãe a mulher que desse à luz. Designa-se como gestação de substituição qualquer situação em que uma mulher se dispõe a suportar uma gravidez por conta de outrem e a “entregar” a criança após o parto, renunciando aos poderes e deveres próprios da maternidade, sendo admitida apenas a título excecional, verificados determinados pressupostos. O Tribunal Constitucional pronunciou-se sobre a inconstitucionalidade de algumas normas do seu regime, proferindo os Acórdãos do TC n.ºs 225/2018 e 465/2019. São abordados aspetos do contrato de gestação de substituição como as características do mesmo, as consequências da sua invalidade, os modos de constituição dos vínculos da filiação da criança nascida com recurso a este contrato; o “direito ao arrependimento” da gestante, o incumprimento do contrato e a rutura do compromisso com o projeto parental nas suas diferentes fases. O estudo conclui que as exigências impostas pelo TC quanto ao direito de desvinculação imotivada da gestante poderão implicar a inadmissibilidade de princípio do contrato de gestação de substituição, na medida em que lhe retira uma característica que constitui o seu núcleo essencial. A consagração de um regime de acordo com os ditames do TC significará que a gestação de substituição em Portugal não seja uma verdadeira gestação de substituição e que a parturiente não seja uma autêntica gestante de substituição.
The present work analyzes the surrogacy regime in the Portuguese legal system. It was introduced by Law no. 25/2016, dated 22 August, in the Medically-Assisted Procreation Law, derogating the original version that expressly prohibited it and menacing with nullity any contracts celebrated, being considered the mother the woman who gave birth. It is called a surrogacy any situation in which a woman is willing to carry a pregnancy on behalf of another person and to “surrender” the child after childbirth, renouncing the powers and duties of motherhood, only being admitted as an exception, if certain assumptions are verified. The Constitutional Court ruled on the unconstitutionality of some rules of its regime, issuing the Decisions No. 225/2018 and 465/2019 of the Portuguese Constitutional Court. Aspects of the surrogacy contract are addressed, such as the characteristics of the contract, the consequences of its invalidity, the ways of forming the bonds of filiation to the child born with the use of this contract; the “right to repent of surrogate”, the breach of the contract and the rupture of the commitment to the parental project in its different phases. The work concludes that the requirements imposed by the Constitutional Court as to the surrogate right to unmotivated disconnection may imply the inadmissibility of the principle of the surrogacy contract, in the way that it removes a characteristic that constitutes its essential core. The establishment of a regime according to the Constitutional Court's dictates will mean that the surrogacy in Portugal is not a true surrogacy and that the pregnant woman is not an authentic surrogate.
The present work analyzes the surrogacy regime in the Portuguese legal system. It was introduced by Law no. 25/2016, dated 22 August, in the Medically-Assisted Procreation Law, derogating the original version that expressly prohibited it and menacing with nullity any contracts celebrated, being considered the mother the woman who gave birth. It is called a surrogacy any situation in which a woman is willing to carry a pregnancy on behalf of another person and to “surrender” the child after childbirth, renouncing the powers and duties of motherhood, only being admitted as an exception, if certain assumptions are verified. The Constitutional Court ruled on the unconstitutionality of some rules of its regime, issuing the Decisions No. 225/2018 and 465/2019 of the Portuguese Constitutional Court. Aspects of the surrogacy contract are addressed, such as the characteristics of the contract, the consequences of its invalidity, the ways of forming the bonds of filiation to the child born with the use of this contract; the “right to repent of surrogate”, the breach of the contract and the rupture of the commitment to the parental project in its different phases. The work concludes that the requirements imposed by the Constitutional Court as to the surrogate right to unmotivated disconnection may imply the inadmissibility of the principle of the surrogacy contract, in the way that it removes a characteristic that constitutes its essential core. The establishment of a regime according to the Constitutional Court's dictates will mean that the surrogacy in Portugal is not a true surrogacy and that the pregnant woman is not an authentic surrogate.
Description
Keywords
Procriação medicamente assistida Contrato de gestação de substituição Direito ao arrependimento da gestante de substituição Medically-assisted procreation Surrogacy contract Right to repent of surrogate