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Abstract(s)
Numa altura em que há uma preocupação crescente com a vítima, a reparação do dano decorrente da conduta criminosa surge no discurso penal como uma forma de acautelar os seus interesses. Deste modo, é relevante analisar a reparação quer na perspetiva contemplada na lei, quer na perspetiva do direito a constituir. Após compreendermos os passos que foram dados pelo legislador e as construções teóricas da doutrina - nacional e internacional - que defende a inclusão da reparação como meio de cumprimento das finalidades penais, reconhecemos que, por vezes, o direito penal olha para a vítima potencial, descurando a vítima concretamente afetada, pelo que a proteção da mesma levará a admitir a reparação jurídico penal como reação substitutiva ou alternativa às consequências jurídicas do crime. Trata-se, assim, de uma responsabilidade que vai além da mera ligação da responsabilidade penal e da responsabilidade civil, olhando para o futuro (vertente preventiva), sem descurar os atos passados (vertente restaurativa).
In a time characterised by an increasing concern towards the victim, the reparation of damages resulting from criminal conducts arises in criminal discourse as a way of protecting victims’ interests. Threfore, it is important to analyse reparation in the perspective of both present and future law. Analysing both the steps taken by the legislator and the theoretical constructions of the doctrine – both national and international –, which advocate the inclusion of reparation as a means of criminal reaction, it becomes clear that, sometimes, criminal law looks at potential victims, while neglecting real ones. The protection of the latter will therefore lead to admitting reparations as an alternative response to the legal consequences of crime. This is a responsibility that goes beyond the mere linking of both civil and criminal responsibility which implies looking to the future (preventive strand), yet with due consideration of past acts (restorative strand).
In a time characterised by an increasing concern towards the victim, the reparation of damages resulting from criminal conducts arises in criminal discourse as a way of protecting victims’ interests. Threfore, it is important to analyse reparation in the perspective of both present and future law. Analysing both the steps taken by the legislator and the theoretical constructions of the doctrine – both national and international –, which advocate the inclusion of reparation as a means of criminal reaction, it becomes clear that, sometimes, criminal law looks at potential victims, while neglecting real ones. The protection of the latter will therefore lead to admitting reparations as an alternative response to the legal consequences of crime. This is a responsibility that goes beyond the mere linking of both civil and criminal responsibility which implies looking to the future (preventive strand), yet with due consideration of past acts (restorative strand).
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Keywords
Reparação Soluções restaurativas Vítima Autor do crime Finalidades preventivas Direito penal Direito civil Reação criminal Reparation Restorative solutions Victim Offender Preventive purposes Criminal law Civil law Criminal reaction
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Universidade Católica Portuguesa