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Abstract(s)
Introdução: Estudos prévios evidenciam benefícios da esperança no conforto e na qualidade de vida dos
cuidadores de pessoas com doença crónica e avançada bem como, a importância de intervenções sistematizadas
na promoção e manutenção da mesma.
Objetivos: Conhecer os níveis de esperança, de conforto e de qualidade de vida dos cuidadores de pessoas com
doença crónica e avançada; identificar as variáveis que influenciam a esperança dos mesmos; desenhar um
programa de intervenção para a promoção de esperança nesses indivíduos; avaliar a efetividade de um programa
de intervenção de enfermagem para a promoção da esperança nos cuidadores de pessoas com doença crónica e
avançada na esperança, no conforto e na qualidade de vida.
Metodologia: Com o intuito de dar resposta aos dois primeiros objetivos desenvolvemos um estudo de análise
quantitativa de validação/revalidação dos instrumentos de medida (n=314) e, posteriormente, um estudo
correlacionado com os resultados obtidos na mesma amostra. O desenho do programa (PPE-C) teve por base um
programa de promoção da esperança desenhado para pessoas com doença crónica e avançada (Querido, 2013) e
a sua adaptação teve por base a revisão da literatura e resultados de estudos prévios. Relativamente à
implementação e avaliação da efetividade do PPE-C, foram efetuadas numa amostra constituída por quarenta
cuidadores de pessoas com doença crónica e avançada (vinte - grupo experimental; vinte - grupo de controlo)
através de análise quantitativa e qualitativa.
Resultados: Os resultados evidenciam que os cuidadores possuem bons níveis de esperança, apresentam-se
confortáveis e com razoáveis níveis de qualidade de vida, se bem que ainda longe do desejável. Como variáveis
explicativas da esperança destacaram-se a idade; o tempo despendido, em horas diárias a cuidar; a autoperceção
do estado de saúde atual; a autoperceção do nível de fadiga; o nível de dependência do doente (Índice de
Barthel); o estado de conforto alívio; e o domínio social da qualidade de vida. Para a promoção da esperança
procedemos à adaptação de um programa de promoção da mesma – PPE (Querido, 2013) para os cuidadores de
pessoas com doença crónica e avançada e elaborámos alguns recursos, nomeadamente, um filme e um manual de
esperança, baseando-nos na revisão da literatura e em resultados de estudos prévios realizados, do que, após
alguns ajustamentos, resultou um programa (PPE-C) de simples aplicação, o qual os enfermeiros conseguem
facilmente integrar na prática. No que respeita à efetividade do PPE-C, os indivíduos do grupo experimental,
quando comparados com os do grupo de controlo, apresentaram um aumento significativo relativo à
autoperceção do estado de saúde e nível de fadiga bem como nos níveis de esperança, de conforto e de qualidade
de vida. No que respeita à avaliação qualitativa, os intervenientes evidenciaram a contribuição do programa para
o processo espiritual/transcendente, experiencial, relacional e racional da esperança.
Conclusão e implicações: Este estudo permitiu operacionalizar uma intervenção sistematizada promotora de
esperança, dirigida aos cuidadores de pessoas com doença crónica e avançada. O PPE-C revelou-se eficaz no
aumento da esperança, do conforto e da qualidade de vida, pelo que poderá ser utilizado como uma intervenção
autónoma de enfermagem, nessa população. Acredita-se que contribui para o alívio do desconforto/desesperança
provocada pelo desempenho do papel do cuidador, fortalecendo o indivíduo e o seu potencial.
Introduction: Previous studies have shown the benefits of hope in the comfort and in the quality of life of caregivers of people with chronic and advanced illness, as well as the importance of systematized interventions on the promotion and maintenance of hope. Objectives: To know the levels of hope, comfort and quality of life, of caregivers of people with chronic and advanced illness; to identify the variables that influence the hope of the caregivers; to create an intervention program for the promotion of hope on caregivers; to evaluate the effectiveness of a nursing intervention program to promote hope on the caregivers of people with chronic and advanced illness, in the comfort and in the quality of life. Method: In order to reach to the first two objectives, we have developed a quantitative study of validation/revalidation of the measure instruments (n=314) and, later, a correlated study with the results previously obtained in the same sample. The program was built on a hope promotion program, which was already been used with people with chronic and advanced illness (Querido, 2013). Its adaptation was also based on a literature review and on the analysis of results from other studies. In what concerns the implemention and evaluation of the effectiveness of the PPE-C, we had a sample of forty caregivers of of people with chronic and advanced illness (twenty from the experimental group; twenty from the control group), through quantitative and qualitative analysis. Results: The results have shown that the caregivers have good levels of hope, are comfortable, and have reasonable levels of quality of life, altough, still far from desirable. As explicative variables of hope we have the age; the time spent in caring measured by daily hours; the self-perception of heath; the self-perception of the fatigue; the dependency level of the ill person (Barthel Index); the state of comfort relief; and the social influence in the quality of life. For the promotion of hope, we have adapted the PPE (Querido, 2013) to the caregivers of people with chronic and advanced illness; we have created a film and a manual of hope, based on a literature review and the results of previous studies. After some adjustments in the PPE-C program, which is very simple to complete, nursing professionals are able to easily integrate it in their practices. In what concerns to the effectiveness of the PPE-C, the subjects of the experimental group, when compared with the subjects from the control group, showed a significative increase on the self-perception of their health and fatigue level, as well as on hope, comfort and quality of life levels. According to the qualitative evaluation, all intervenients referred the program’s contribution to the hope process of spiritual/transcendent, experiential, relational and rational. Conclusion and implications: This study allowed to operationalize one systematized intervention promoter of hope (PPE-C) to caregivers of people with chronic and advanced illness. The PPE-C was effective in the increasing of hope, comfort, and quality of life so, it may be used as an independent nursing intervention, in that specific population. We believe that it contributes to the relief of discomfort/unhope caused by the performance of the role of the caregiver, strengthening the individual and their potential. The validated measure instruments proved to be reliable in the diagnosis and evaluation of the interventions results.
Introduction: Previous studies have shown the benefits of hope in the comfort and in the quality of life of caregivers of people with chronic and advanced illness, as well as the importance of systematized interventions on the promotion and maintenance of hope. Objectives: To know the levels of hope, comfort and quality of life, of caregivers of people with chronic and advanced illness; to identify the variables that influence the hope of the caregivers; to create an intervention program for the promotion of hope on caregivers; to evaluate the effectiveness of a nursing intervention program to promote hope on the caregivers of people with chronic and advanced illness, in the comfort and in the quality of life. Method: In order to reach to the first two objectives, we have developed a quantitative study of validation/revalidation of the measure instruments (n=314) and, later, a correlated study with the results previously obtained in the same sample. The program was built on a hope promotion program, which was already been used with people with chronic and advanced illness (Querido, 2013). Its adaptation was also based on a literature review and on the analysis of results from other studies. In what concerns the implemention and evaluation of the effectiveness of the PPE-C, we had a sample of forty caregivers of of people with chronic and advanced illness (twenty from the experimental group; twenty from the control group), through quantitative and qualitative analysis. Results: The results have shown that the caregivers have good levels of hope, are comfortable, and have reasonable levels of quality of life, altough, still far from desirable. As explicative variables of hope we have the age; the time spent in caring measured by daily hours; the self-perception of heath; the self-perception of the fatigue; the dependency level of the ill person (Barthel Index); the state of comfort relief; and the social influence in the quality of life. For the promotion of hope, we have adapted the PPE (Querido, 2013) to the caregivers of people with chronic and advanced illness; we have created a film and a manual of hope, based on a literature review and the results of previous studies. After some adjustments in the PPE-C program, which is very simple to complete, nursing professionals are able to easily integrate it in their practices. In what concerns to the effectiveness of the PPE-C, the subjects of the experimental group, when compared with the subjects from the control group, showed a significative increase on the self-perception of their health and fatigue level, as well as on hope, comfort and quality of life levels. According to the qualitative evaluation, all intervenients referred the program’s contribution to the hope process of spiritual/transcendent, experiential, relational and rational. Conclusion and implications: This study allowed to operationalize one systematized intervention promoter of hope (PPE-C) to caregivers of people with chronic and advanced illness. The PPE-C was effective in the increasing of hope, comfort, and quality of life so, it may be used as an independent nursing intervention, in that specific population. We believe that it contributes to the relief of discomfort/unhope caused by the performance of the role of the caregiver, strengthening the individual and their potential. The validated measure instruments proved to be reliable in the diagnosis and evaluation of the interventions results.
Description
Keywords
Esperança Qualidade de vida Conforto Cuidador Doença crónica e avançada Intervenções de enfermagem Programa de intervenção Hope Comfort Quality of life Caregiver Chronic and advanced illness Nursing interventions Intervention program