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Abstract(s)
A evidência sobre o aumento do número de idosos que, no seu quotidiano, são violentados e as implicações que estes acontecimentos têm na prática dos profissionais de saúde, acrescida da necessidade de novos «poderes» suportam por si só a importância do objeto deste estudo. Este problema de grande sensibilidade impõe uma atenção multifatorial com domínio social, educativo, clínico e ético. Implica a intervenção concertada por parte de todos os profissionais de saúde, cuja missão passe pelo contacto com idosos.
Com este trabalho sugerimos linhas gerais de orientação para o despiste dos maus-tratos a idosos, em contexto familiar, pretendendo contribuir para a monitorização e intervenção da violência aos idosos, através dos enfermeiros que trabalham em contexto comunitário.
Para dar corpo a este propósito realizaram-se três estudos: O estudo I incidiu na análise dos documentos fornecidos pela Direção Geral da Administração Interna, tendo sido verificados assentos sobre violência, no âmbito da violência doméstica, participados às forças de segurança, nos anos 2010 e 2011; o estudo II, de natureza exploratória, contou com uma amostra de quatrocentos idosos, inscritos num Agrupamento de Centros de Saúde da zona norte do país, para identificar sinais de maus-tratos. Neste estudo foi aplicado um questionário, que permitiu recolher informação sobre indicadores de abusos; no estudo III auscultou-se a opinião dos enfermeiros sobre os maus-tratos aos idosos em contexto familiar, através de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa e exploratória que envolveu quinze enfermeiros.
Para tratamento e análise dos dados, recorremos a técnicas de análise de conteúdo, estatística descritiva e inferencial com recurso à análise fatorial.
Os resultados revelaram que quer as vítimas quer os denunciados têm baixo nível de escolaridade; as vítimas são maioritariamente mulheres. Os crimes são perpetrados, maioritariamente, por familiares diretos, descendentes adultos (53,6%) e cônjuges (41,1%). O tipo de violência exercida é maioritariamente psicológica (62,37%), seguindo-se a física (55,46%), sendo os ferimentos ligeiros, os que apresentam maior percentagem (43,53%).
As análises realizadas permitem ordenar os indicadores de maus-tratos, tendo em conta a tipologia de abusos, da seguinte forma: negligência (64,8 %), emocional/psicológica (26,6%), económico (21,6%) e o abuso físico (7,1%).
A opinião dos enfermeiros sobre este problema aponta para: i) a evidência de maus-tratos de que fazem parte diferentes dimensões, os fatores causais e o reconhecimento dos maus-tratos; ii) os contextos dos maus-tratos que estão relacionados com os intervenientes nos cuidados, as diligências dos enfermeiros e as dificuldades no controlo da situação; iii) a prevenção dos maus-tratos em que é referida a importância do diagnóstico da situação do idoso e a preparação do futuro, devendo, para isso, apostar-se na formação e pensar no envelhecimento antecipadamente.
Os resultados deste estudo sugerem a emergência e a necessidade do despiste precoce de sinais e/ou sintomas indicativos de fatores de risco que possam conduzir à situação de maus-tratos. O papel dos profissionais de saúde, nomeadamente dos enfermeiros, revela-se de primordial importância na ajuda ao combate deste fenómeno.
Concluiu-se com um conjunto de linhas gerais orientadoras para o despiste precoce de maus-tratos a idosos, no sentido de perspetivar mudanças catalisadoras deste fenómeno o mais precoce possível.
The evidence about the increasing number of elderly people who, in their everyday lives, are abused and the implications that these events have on the practice of health professionals, plus the need for new «powers» bear alone the importance of the subject of this study. This issue of great sensitivity imposes a multifactorial attention to the social, educational, clinical and ethical domains. This involves the concerted action by all health professionals whose mission passes by contacting with seniors. With this paper we suggest to develop general guidelines for the of screening mistreatment of the elderly in the family context, contributing to the monitoring and intervention in violence to the elderly through nurses working in a community context. So, to reach this purpose there were conducted three studies: The first study focused on the analysis of documents provided by the General Directorate of Home Affairs (DGAI), having been verified cases of violence in the context of domestic violence, reported to the security forces, in 2010 and 2011; the second study, of exploratory and empirical work, counted on a sample of four hundred seniors, enrolled in a ACES in the north of the country, to identify signs of abuse. In this study, it’s been used a questionnaire to collect information about indicators of abuse in the elderly; In the third study, the nurses' opinion about the mistreatment of the elderly in the family context has been sounded, throughout a study based on an exploratory and qualitative approach involving fifteen nurses. For processing and analysis we’ve recurred to technics of content analysis, as well as, descriptive and inferential statistics using factor analysis. The results revealed that both victims and abusers have low levels of education; victims are mostly women. The crimes are perpetrated mostly by family members, adult offspring (53.6%) and spouses (41.1%).The type of violence is mainly psychological (62.37%), followed by physical (55.46%), being the minor injury, as a consequence to the victim, the ones with the highest percentage (43,53% ). The analysis made allow us to sort indicators of abuse, by type of abuse, in the following order: neglect (64.8%), emotional/psychological (26.6%), economic (21.6%) and physical abuse (7.1%). The nurses' opinion on this issue points to: i) the evidence of abuse that are part of different dimensions, the causal factors and recognition of maltreatment;ii) contexts of maltreatment related to the ones involved in care, the care of the nurses and the difficulties in controlling the sitation; iii) and preventing maltreatment which underlines the importance of diagnosing of the situation of the elderly and the preparation of the future, and to do so betting on training and thinking about aging in advance.The results of this study suggest the emergence and necessity of early screening for signs and / or symptoms indicative of risk factors that may lead to the installation of maltreatment. The role of health professionals, including nurses, proves to be of prime importance and helps in fighting this phenomenon. We concluded with a set of general guidelines for the early screening of elderly mistreatment, in order to foresee catalyst changes of this phenomenon as early as possible.
The evidence about the increasing number of elderly people who, in their everyday lives, are abused and the implications that these events have on the practice of health professionals, plus the need for new «powers» bear alone the importance of the subject of this study. This issue of great sensitivity imposes a multifactorial attention to the social, educational, clinical and ethical domains. This involves the concerted action by all health professionals whose mission passes by contacting with seniors. With this paper we suggest to develop general guidelines for the of screening mistreatment of the elderly in the family context, contributing to the monitoring and intervention in violence to the elderly through nurses working in a community context. So, to reach this purpose there were conducted three studies: The first study focused on the analysis of documents provided by the General Directorate of Home Affairs (DGAI), having been verified cases of violence in the context of domestic violence, reported to the security forces, in 2010 and 2011; the second study, of exploratory and empirical work, counted on a sample of four hundred seniors, enrolled in a ACES in the north of the country, to identify signs of abuse. In this study, it’s been used a questionnaire to collect information about indicators of abuse in the elderly; In the third study, the nurses' opinion about the mistreatment of the elderly in the family context has been sounded, throughout a study based on an exploratory and qualitative approach involving fifteen nurses. For processing and analysis we’ve recurred to technics of content analysis, as well as, descriptive and inferential statistics using factor analysis. The results revealed that both victims and abusers have low levels of education; victims are mostly women. The crimes are perpetrated mostly by family members, adult offspring (53.6%) and spouses (41.1%).The type of violence is mainly psychological (62.37%), followed by physical (55.46%), being the minor injury, as a consequence to the victim, the ones with the highest percentage (43,53% ). The analysis made allow us to sort indicators of abuse, by type of abuse, in the following order: neglect (64.8%), emotional/psychological (26.6%), economic (21.6%) and physical abuse (7.1%). The nurses' opinion on this issue points to: i) the evidence of abuse that are part of different dimensions, the causal factors and recognition of maltreatment;ii) contexts of maltreatment related to the ones involved in care, the care of the nurses and the difficulties in controlling the sitation; iii) and preventing maltreatment which underlines the importance of diagnosing of the situation of the elderly and the preparation of the future, and to do so betting on training and thinking about aging in advance.The results of this study suggest the emergence and necessity of early screening for signs and / or symptoms indicative of risk factors that may lead to the installation of maltreatment. The role of health professionals, including nurses, proves to be of prime importance and helps in fighting this phenomenon. We concluded with a set of general guidelines for the early screening of elderly mistreatment, in order to foresee catalyst changes of this phenomenon as early as possible.
Description
Keywords
Bioética Idoso Envelhecimento Abuso Prevenção Bioethics Elderly Abuse Prevention