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As dificuldades de análise da qualidade na televisão são inegáveis: a televisão é uma indústria cultural com uma produção gigantesca, um carácter nacional forte, diferentes formatos institucionais (serviço público, tipos de difusão, cabo, satélite, Internet) e uma vocação para gerar todo o tipo de conteúdos. A maioria dos membros do mundo universitário que gravitam em torno dos estudos culturais, mediáticos e de televisão esquivaram-se ou até recusaram-se a dedicar-se a esse exercício de avaliação, o que está longe de estar em conformidade com a concepção segundo a qual o mundo da investigação foi investido pela sociedade desde há dois milénios para avaliar criações culturais nos outros domínios do conhecimento. Neste texto, tento analisar várias causas desta dificuldade ou recusa de avaliação pelos universitários: a instabilidade conceptual de uma “televisão de qualidade”; os domínios de predilecção (programação, escolhas das audiências) ou evitadas (análise textual); a “impossibilidade” de tratar teoricamente a questão da qualidade em televisão; as atitudes neopopulistas ou conservadoras a respeito dos conteúdos.
The difficulties of evaluating TV quality are undeniable: TV is a cultural industry with a gigantic output, strong national character, different institutional formats (public service, broadcast, cable, satellite, internet) and an omniparous vocation in creating all kind of contents. Academic studies dealing with the evaluation of the media have accepted the more or less loose standards that TV professionals, companies and audiences have used or produced to that end or concentrated the efforts of evaluation in analyzing quantitatively programming slots and genres and in the adequacy of programming to the political normative adapted in each country. Academic attention has partially shifted to the “American quality series”, but shared standards of evaluation have not been created. Most academic output has eluded or even refused the evaluation of TV quality by those who have been capacitated by society in the last two millennia to evaluated cultural products and the creations of other areas of knowledge: the academicians themselves. In this paper, I discuss several reasons for the difficulties and the refusal of evaluation by academics: the conceptual instability of “TV quality”; the areas that are either dealt (programming, audiences choices) or avoided (textual analysis); the “impossibility” of dealing theoretically the issue of TV quality; conservative and neopopulist attitudes towards TV contents; ways out of the black hole of academic evaluation of TV quality, with the purpose of helping the development of international work in this area.
The difficulties of evaluating TV quality are undeniable: TV is a cultural industry with a gigantic output, strong national character, different institutional formats (public service, broadcast, cable, satellite, internet) and an omniparous vocation in creating all kind of contents. Academic studies dealing with the evaluation of the media have accepted the more or less loose standards that TV professionals, companies and audiences have used or produced to that end or concentrated the efforts of evaluation in analyzing quantitatively programming slots and genres and in the adequacy of programming to the political normative adapted in each country. Academic attention has partially shifted to the “American quality series”, but shared standards of evaluation have not been created. Most academic output has eluded or even refused the evaluation of TV quality by those who have been capacitated by society in the last two millennia to evaluated cultural products and the creations of other areas of knowledge: the academicians themselves. In this paper, I discuss several reasons for the difficulties and the refusal of evaluation by academics: the conceptual instability of “TV quality”; the areas that are either dealt (programming, audiences choices) or avoided (textual analysis); the “impossibility” of dealing theoretically the issue of TV quality; conservative and neopopulist attitudes towards TV contents; ways out of the black hole of academic evaluation of TV quality, with the purpose of helping the development of international work in this area.
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Televisão Qualidade Telejornalismo TV Universidade Television Quality Telejournalism University