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Abstract(s)
O processo de luto, embora seja normativo e necessário de ser vivido, é uma
experiência extremamente dolorosa e perturbadora que mobiliza profundamente o ser
humano dado que rompe os laços afetivos que são construídos sob o apego. Embora
uma grande parte da população consiga vivenciar um processo de luto normativo,
verifica-se por outro lado um outro grupo de indivíduos que vivenciam luto patológico.
Assim, e de acordo com a situação atípica em que nos encontramos – pandemia
COVID-19 é premente ter uma especial atenção aos enlutados uma vez que o próprio
contexto e situação a que foram sujeitos poderá despoletar um aumento substancial do
número de casos de luto patogénico. Neste seguimento, o presente estudo de
investigação de metodologia mista concomitante, teve como principal objetivo avaliar e
compreender se a experiência de perda de uma pessoa significativa, considerando o que
está intrínseco a um processo de luto, simultaneamente à circunstância atípica em que
este decorre (pandemia COVID- 19) é igual ou diferente daquele que a literatura
apontava até então. Para tal prepósito, este estudo realizou-se com 14 participantes (6 do
sexo masculino e 8 do sexo feminino) com idades compreendidas entre os 19 e 69 anos.
Neste, utilizou-se o Questionário Sócio Demográfico, a Entrevista Individual
Semiestruturada e o instrumento de Avaliação de Luto Prolongado (PG-13). A partir
destes, foi possível averiguar que o processo de luto neste contexto é distinto aquele que
a literatura apontava até então, por outras palavras, o presente estudo constatou que: as
situações e as alterações que antecedem a morte, bem como o sentido que cada sujeito
atribuí aos eventos é que influencia a trajetória do processo de luto (independentemente
do contexto onde este ocorre - pandémico ou não); e, que os sujeitos estão a demonstrar
reações e respostas normais, dentro de uma situação que é ela anormal (situação
pandémica). Ainda, e a partir de uma abordagem quantitativa, não foram encontradas
relações estatisticamente significativas entre: o sexo do enlutado, o motivo da perda
(COVID-19 ou outra causa) e o grau de parentesco com a procura de apoio
psicológico/psiquiátrico após a experiência de perda; e, o motivo da perda com os
sentimentos de ansiedade de separação, a duração desses sintomas e a perda da
capacidade funcional, áreas sociais, ocupacionais e em outros domínios. Por sua vez,
encontrou-se uma relação entre o motivo de falecimento e os sintomas cognitivos,
emocionais e comportamentais – sendo o grupo de enlutados ao qual o ente querido
faleceu por COVID-19 aquele que apresentou valores mais elevados nesta dimensão.
Although it is a normative and necessary process, grief is an extremely painful and disturbing experience that deeply mobilises the human being, since it breaks the affective bonds that are built under human attachment. Although a large part of the population is able to experience a normative grieving process, on the other hand, there is another group of individuals who experience a pathological grief. Thus, and according to the unusual situation in which we find ourselves - the COVID-19 pandemic - it is urgent to pay special attention to the bereaved since the very context and situation to which they were subjected may trigger a substantial increase in the number of cases of pathogenic mourning. In this context, the main objective of this mixed-methodology research study was to assess and understand whether the experience of loss of a significant person, considering what is intrinsic to a mourning process, simultaneously with the atypical circumstance in which it takes place (COVID- 19 pandemic) is the same or different from what the literature pointed out until then. For this purpose, this study was carried out with 14 participants (6 males and 8 females) aged between 19 and 69 years of age. The Sociodemographic Questionnaire, the Semi-structured Individual Interview and the Prolonged Mourning Assessment Tool (PG-13) were used. Based on these, it was possible to verify that the grieving process in this context is different from the one that the literature had pointed out up until then. In other words, this study found that: the situations and changes that precede death, as well as the meaning that each subject attributes to the events influence the trajectory of the grieving process (regardless of the context where it occurs - pandemic or not); and that subjects are showing normal reactions and responses, within an abnormal situation (pandemic situation). Furthermore, and from a quantitative approach, no statistically significant relationships were found between: the bereaved person's gender, the reason for the loss (COVID-19 or other cause) and the degree of kinship ties with the search for psychological/psychiatric support after the experience of loss; and, the reason for the loss with the feelings of separation anxiety, the duration of these symptoms and the loss of functional capacity, social, occupational areas and in other domains. In turn, a relationship was found between the reason for death and cognitive, emotional and behavioral symptoms - being the bereaved group to whom the loved one died by COVID-19 the one that presented higher values in this dimension.
Although it is a normative and necessary process, grief is an extremely painful and disturbing experience that deeply mobilises the human being, since it breaks the affective bonds that are built under human attachment. Although a large part of the population is able to experience a normative grieving process, on the other hand, there is another group of individuals who experience a pathological grief. Thus, and according to the unusual situation in which we find ourselves - the COVID-19 pandemic - it is urgent to pay special attention to the bereaved since the very context and situation to which they were subjected may trigger a substantial increase in the number of cases of pathogenic mourning. In this context, the main objective of this mixed-methodology research study was to assess and understand whether the experience of loss of a significant person, considering what is intrinsic to a mourning process, simultaneously with the atypical circumstance in which it takes place (COVID- 19 pandemic) is the same or different from what the literature pointed out until then. For this purpose, this study was carried out with 14 participants (6 males and 8 females) aged between 19 and 69 years of age. The Sociodemographic Questionnaire, the Semi-structured Individual Interview and the Prolonged Mourning Assessment Tool (PG-13) were used. Based on these, it was possible to verify that the grieving process in this context is different from the one that the literature had pointed out up until then. In other words, this study found that: the situations and changes that precede death, as well as the meaning that each subject attributes to the events influence the trajectory of the grieving process (regardless of the context where it occurs - pandemic or not); and that subjects are showing normal reactions and responses, within an abnormal situation (pandemic situation). Furthermore, and from a quantitative approach, no statistically significant relationships were found between: the bereaved person's gender, the reason for the loss (COVID-19 or other cause) and the degree of kinship ties with the search for psychological/psychiatric support after the experience of loss; and, the reason for the loss with the feelings of separation anxiety, the duration of these symptoms and the loss of functional capacity, social, occupational areas and in other domains. In turn, a relationship was found between the reason for death and cognitive, emotional and behavioral symptoms - being the bereaved group to whom the loved one died by COVID-19 the one that presented higher values in this dimension.
Description
Keywords
Perda Morte Processo de luto Experiências pessoais COVID-19 Loss Death Grief process Personal experiences