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A necessidade de liberalizar o setor elétrico levou à reorganização do ordenamento jurídico europeu.
A iniciativa da União Europeia no sentido de promover medidas que harmonizassem as práticas dos Estados membros foram traduzidas em três Diretivas, entre 1996 e 2009.
Esta reforma legislativa teve como principais objetivos a separação das diferentes atividades do setor, a saber, a produção, o transporte, a distribuição e a comercialização. A produção e a comercialização foram submetidas ao regime da concorrência, tendo sido mantido o transporte em monopólio natural.
Nesta dissertação, foi estudado o caminho percorrido na construção de um Mercado Único de Energia: os objetivos na sua concretização a nível concorrencial, de forma a que fosse promovida a eficiência do acesso ao mercado, a distribuição da eletricidade, os problemas que foram surgindo durante o processo de liberalização e em que medida se mantêm estas questões nos dias de hoje: quais os impedimentos para o encontro de um mercado liberalizado e a falta de concorrência nos mercados.
The need to liberalize the electricity sector has led to the reorganization of the European legal system. The European Union's initiative to promote measures that would harmonize the practices of the European Union Members was translated into three Directives between 1996 and 2009. The main objective of this reform was to separate the different activities of the sector, namely production, transport, distribution and supply, subjecting production and supply to competition and maintaining transport under a natural monopoly. In this dissertation, we studied the path taken in the construction of a Single Energy Market, which would be effectively competitive and that promoted the efficiency of access and distribution of electricity. The problems that have arisen during the liberalization process and how they remain today. What are the impediments to achieve a liberalized market and the lack of competition in the markets.
The need to liberalize the electricity sector has led to the reorganization of the European legal system. The European Union's initiative to promote measures that would harmonize the practices of the European Union Members was translated into three Directives between 1996 and 2009. The main objective of this reform was to separate the different activities of the sector, namely production, transport, distribution and supply, subjecting production and supply to competition and maintaining transport under a natural monopoly. In this dissertation, we studied the path taken in the construction of a Single Energy Market, which would be effectively competitive and that promoted the efficiency of access and distribution of electricity. The problems that have arisen during the liberalization process and how they remain today. What are the impediments to achieve a liberalized market and the lack of competition in the markets.
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Direito da concorrência Liberalização do mercado da eletricidade Direito da União Europeia Regulação Competition law Electricity market liberalization European Union law Regulation