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Authors
Abstract(s)
O permanente aumento da população idosa, em consequência da melhoria das
condições de vida e da diminuição da natalidade, permite-nos viver durante mais tempo. O
aumento da esperança de vida nem sempre é sinónimo de mais qualidade de vida. A
degradação de um corpo, a subtração das faculdades intelectuais, à medida que a idade
avança, impõe, por vezes, a necessidade de cuidados de saúde específicos e permanentes.
As transformações sociais das famílias modernas e a sua consequente reorganização, assim
como, o isolamento social das comunidades rurais do interior do país, contribuem para a
decisão da institucionalização da pessoa idosa.
Os lares de idosos apresentam-se não apenas como a última alternativa, mas como
uma oportunidade para que a família, cuidadores e instituição possam oferecer, à pessoa
idosa, um fim de vida saudável e de qualidade. Atendendo ao fato de que grande parte dos
lares de idosos integrarem instituições da Igreja refletiu-se, numa perspetiva bioética, na
proposta evangelizadora e no papel da Igreja no acompanhamento das pessoas idosas e na
humanização dos seus cuidados.
A presente investigação tem como principal objetivo caracterizar a vivência do
cuidado integral nos lares de idosos, no contexto geográfico da Diocese de Lamego, na
perspetiva dos seus atores, cuidadores e pessoas idosas, contribuindo para a prática de uma
Pastoral da Saúde integradora de uma Ética do Cuidar, através de dois estudos.
No primeiro estudo quantitativo e descritivo foi realizado um questionário à
totalidade dos lares de idosos existentes na Diocese de Lamego tendo caracterizado os
lares relativamente ao número, natureza jurídica, número de idosos acolhidos, número e
formação dos cuidadores, atividades e caracterização da assistência religiosa. No segundo
estudo qualitativo, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas a dez pessoas idosas e
cinco cuidadores de cinco instituições com a valência de lar de idosos. Este estudo
pretende, através das perspetivas dos cuidadores e das pessoas idosas, identificar as perdas
físicas, lúdico-culturais, sócio-emocionais e espirituais das pessoas idosas; caraterizar a
vivência institucional; assinalar as atividades, atitudes e tarefas dos cuidadores e instituição
como resposta às perdas identificadas; identificar as dificuldades sentidas pelo cuidador, a avaliação das mesmas e descrever a formação adquirida. A análise do conteúdo foi
orientada pelo princípios da Grounded Theory.
Os resultados confirmaram, à semelhança de outros estudos, a existência de uma
comunidade institucionalizada muito envelhecida e dependente, o que dificulta a realização
de algumas tarefas e atividades. Os resultados apontam ainda para um excesso de trabalho,
precariedade de emprego e insuficiente formação técnica e bioética dos cuidadores, o que
dificulta realização de um cuidado integral; a existência de técnicos especializados para a
realização dos cuidados de saúde; atividades centradas na animação cultural e atividades
religiosas; dificuldades de responder às perdas sociais identificadas nas pessoas idosas; a
identificação de uma institucionalização forçada pela doença, família e solidão; ausência
de diálogo e atenção entre cuidador e pessoa idosa; inexistência de uma equipa da Pastoral
da Saúde e a presença de algumas atitudes éticas positivas reveladoras de uma ética do
cuidar tais como: autonomia, cuidar, compaixão, disponibilidade, dignidade humana e
vulnerabilidade.
Na nossa perspetiva, a caracterização da vivência do cuidado integral nos lares de
idosos, traz o contributo de desafiar as instituições, juntamente com a Bioética e a Pastoral
Saúde, a criarem projetos de formação e humanização que favoreçam a prática de uma
Ética do Cuidar.
The permanent increase of elderly population, in the consequence of better conditions of life and the decrease of births, allow us to live longer. The increase of life expectancy is not always a synonym of more quality of life. The degradation of a body and the diminishing of intellectual skills as people grow older, sometimes bring the necessity of specific and permanent health care. The social transformations of modern families and their consequent reorganization, as well as social isolation felt among rural communities in the inner part of the country, contribute to the decision of institutionalizing the elderly person. Nursing homes are not only just the last alternative, but also an opportunity that family, caregivers and institution can offer to the elderly person, as an healthy end of life full of quality. Due to the fact that most nursing homes make part of Church institutions, it reflects itself a bioethics perspective, in the evangelizing proposal and in the Church role of supporting elderly people in the humanization of their care. This research work has as main goal the life experience characterization in the integral care in nursing homes, within the geographical context of Diocese Lamego, according to the main actors perspectives, caregivers and elderly people, contributing to a practice of the Pastoral for Health Care, integrating a Care Ethics, through two studies. In the first quantitative and qualitative study, it was held a questionnaire applied to all nursing homes in the Diocese Lamego, in which they were characterized according to his number, legal nature, number of elderly people living there, number and training of caregivers, activities and characterization of the religious assistance. In the second qualitative study, it was held a semi-structured interview to ten elderly people and five caregivers of five institutions with nursing homes services. This study wants to, through the caregivers and elderly people’s points of views, identify the physical, amusingcultural, social-emotional and spiritual losses of elderly people; characterize the life experience in the institution; mark the activities, attitudes and tasks of caregivers and institution as an answer to the identified losses; identify the difficulties felt by the caregiver, their evaluation and the acquired training. The content analysis was led by the principles of Grounded Theory. The results confirm, as well in other studies, the existence of an institutionalized very old and dependent community, which makes harder the implementation of some activities and tasks. The results point to over working, as it is needed to perform several tasks, to job insecurity and insufficient technical and bioethics training of caregivers, becoming harder to develop an integral care; the existence of specialized technicians in the performance of health care; activities focused in cultural and religious activities; difficulties in answering to the social losses identified among elderly people; identification of forced institutionalization due to the disease, family and loneliness; lack of dialogue and attention between caregiver and elderly person; absence of an Pastoral for Health Care team and the presence of some positive ethical attitudes revealing of a care ethics, such as: autonomy, care, compassion, availability, human dignity and vulnerability. In our perspective, the characterization of life experience in the integral care in nursing homes brings the contribute of challenging institutions, along with Bioethics and Pastoral for Health Care to create training and humanization projects which make easier the practice of a Care Ethics.
The permanent increase of elderly population, in the consequence of better conditions of life and the decrease of births, allow us to live longer. The increase of life expectancy is not always a synonym of more quality of life. The degradation of a body and the diminishing of intellectual skills as people grow older, sometimes bring the necessity of specific and permanent health care. The social transformations of modern families and their consequent reorganization, as well as social isolation felt among rural communities in the inner part of the country, contribute to the decision of institutionalizing the elderly person. Nursing homes are not only just the last alternative, but also an opportunity that family, caregivers and institution can offer to the elderly person, as an healthy end of life full of quality. Due to the fact that most nursing homes make part of Church institutions, it reflects itself a bioethics perspective, in the evangelizing proposal and in the Church role of supporting elderly people in the humanization of their care. This research work has as main goal the life experience characterization in the integral care in nursing homes, within the geographical context of Diocese Lamego, according to the main actors perspectives, caregivers and elderly people, contributing to a practice of the Pastoral for Health Care, integrating a Care Ethics, through two studies. In the first quantitative and qualitative study, it was held a questionnaire applied to all nursing homes in the Diocese Lamego, in which they were characterized according to his number, legal nature, number of elderly people living there, number and training of caregivers, activities and characterization of the religious assistance. In the second qualitative study, it was held a semi-structured interview to ten elderly people and five caregivers of five institutions with nursing homes services. This study wants to, through the caregivers and elderly people’s points of views, identify the physical, amusingcultural, social-emotional and spiritual losses of elderly people; characterize the life experience in the institution; mark the activities, attitudes and tasks of caregivers and institution as an answer to the identified losses; identify the difficulties felt by the caregiver, their evaluation and the acquired training. The content analysis was led by the principles of Grounded Theory. The results confirm, as well in other studies, the existence of an institutionalized very old and dependent community, which makes harder the implementation of some activities and tasks. The results point to over working, as it is needed to perform several tasks, to job insecurity and insufficient technical and bioethics training of caregivers, becoming harder to develop an integral care; the existence of specialized technicians in the performance of health care; activities focused in cultural and religious activities; difficulties in answering to the social losses identified among elderly people; identification of forced institutionalization due to the disease, family and loneliness; lack of dialogue and attention between caregiver and elderly person; absence of an Pastoral for Health Care team and the presence of some positive ethical attitudes revealing of a care ethics, such as: autonomy, care, compassion, availability, human dignity and vulnerability. In our perspective, the characterization of life experience in the integral care in nursing homes brings the contribute of challenging institutions, along with Bioethics and Pastoral for Health Care to create training and humanization projects which make easier the practice of a Care Ethics.
Description
Keywords
Pessoas idosas Lar de idosos Cuidado integral Bioética Ética do cuidar e pastoral da saúde Elderly people Nursing homes Integral care Bioethics Care ethics and pastoral for health care