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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
“Desde 1985, que em jurisdições nos Estados Unidos, existem pais que têm recebido a guarda exclusiva dos seus filhos com base em alegações de que as mães teriam alienado as crianças, inserido num contexto médico, denominado Síndrome de Alienação Parental (SAP)”1.
A terminologia SAP foi introduzida pela primeira vez em 1985, por RICHARD A. GARDNER, médico norte-americano, especialista em psiquiatria infantil, que trabalhava como voluntário na Universidade de Colômbia e que utilizava o título de Professor, que lhe tinha sido atribuído pela própria Universidade por cortesia. Isto permitiu-lhe adquirir grande notoriedade, apesar de os seus textos nunca terem sido sujeitos a peer-review, nem disporem de base científica2.
De facto, este fenómeno, que é real, ainda que empolgado e, por vezes mal apropriado, tem consubstanciado um verdadeiro desafio, não só para os tribunais, mas para outros intervenientes que, na sua área profissional trabalham com e para crianças (psicólogos, psiquiatras, advogados, assistentes sociais, médicos, pedopsiquiatras, etc.).
A SAP impulsiona o tema deste trabalho, na medida em que propõe analisar a forma como esta tese tem sido invocada nos Tribunais de Família e Menores em Portugal e o impacto que a mesma tem na família, sobretudo, nos direitos das Crianças. Ademais, propõe analisar o papel assumido pelos tribunais quando confrontados com falsas alegações de abusos sexuais que podem eventualmente surgir nos casos mais graves deste fenómeno, como defendido por GARDNER.
“Since 1985, in jurisdictions all over the United States, fathers have been awarded sole custody of their children based on claims that mothers alienated these children due to a medical syndrome called Parental Alienation Syndrome (PAS).3” The term PAS was first employed in 1985 by RICHARD A. GARDNER, a North American physician, specialized in infant psychiatry, at the time, working voluntarily at Colombia University, as a Professor- a courtesy title bestowed upon him by that same University. This gained him considerable notoriety despite the fact that, neither his texts had been subjected to peer reviewing nor that his theory had been the object of scientific evaluation4. Indeed, and although PAS may in fact exist, this has become a real challenge, not just for the courts, but equally for other parties whose professional duties may bring them into contact with children (psychologists, psychiatrists, lawyers, social workers, doctors, paedopsychiatrists, etc.,). PAS forms the basis of this study, insofar as it analyses both the ways in which the topic has been dealt with in Portuguese Family and Minors Courts, as well as its impact upon the family, particularly regarding to the rights of the child. Furthermore, this work expands into analysing the role played by the Courts when confronted with false allegations of sexual abuse which, as claimed by GARDNER, may occasionally happen in the more extreme examples of PAS.
“Since 1985, in jurisdictions all over the United States, fathers have been awarded sole custody of their children based on claims that mothers alienated these children due to a medical syndrome called Parental Alienation Syndrome (PAS).3” The term PAS was first employed in 1985 by RICHARD A. GARDNER, a North American physician, specialized in infant psychiatry, at the time, working voluntarily at Colombia University, as a Professor- a courtesy title bestowed upon him by that same University. This gained him considerable notoriety despite the fact that, neither his texts had been subjected to peer reviewing nor that his theory had been the object of scientific evaluation4. Indeed, and although PAS may in fact exist, this has become a real challenge, not just for the courts, but equally for other parties whose professional duties may bring them into contact with children (psychologists, psychiatrists, lawyers, social workers, doctors, paedopsychiatrists, etc.,). PAS forms the basis of this study, insofar as it analyses both the ways in which the topic has been dealt with in Portuguese Family and Minors Courts, as well as its impact upon the family, particularly regarding to the rights of the child. Furthermore, this work expands into analysing the role played by the Courts when confronted with false allegations of sexual abuse which, as claimed by GARDNER, may occasionally happen in the more extreme examples of PAS.
Description
Keywords
Síndrome de alienação parental Direito das crianças Superior interesse da criança Parental alienation syndrome Children’s rights Superior interest of the child