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Promover a saúde infantil e pediátrica : diagnóstico e intervenção especializada de enfermagem
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Abstract(s)
O enfermeiro especialista em saúde infantil e pediátrica destaca-se pela capacidade de assistir a criança e família na otimização da sua saúde, de prestar cuidados diferenciados à criança e jovem numa situação especial complexidade e por prestar cuidados individualizados e adaptados à fase de desenvolvimento da criança e jovem, com vista à sua promoção. A promoção da saúde é a área de intervenção do enfermeiro especialista em saúde infantil e pediátrica que visa não só a otimização do estado de saúde dos elementos da família e a adoção de comportamentos promotores de saúde, mas também a harmonia e saúde da família, enquanto estado dinâmico e alterável de bem-estar que inclui os fatores biológicos, psicológicos, sociais, espirituais e culturais da família. O primeiro capítulo deste relatório consiste num enquadramento teórico da teoria de Promoção da Saúde na Prática de Enfermagem, desenvolvida por Nola Pender, que através do “Modelo de Promoção da Saúde” explica quais os fatores que influenciam o processo de promoção da adoção de comportamentos promotores de saúde e como a intervenção do enfermeiro deve ser orientada para que os seus objetivos sejam atingidos. Posteriormente, é realizada uma reflexão sobre a relação entre os conceitos de diagnóstico de enfermagem e o desenvolvimento infantil, que contempla a scoping review desenvolvida com o objetivo de mapear a evidência científica disponível sobre os indicadores de um desenvolvimento saudável no primeiro ano de vida, em contexto hospitalar e de cuidados de saúde primários. A realização desta scoping review pretendeu assim dar resposta à questão de revisão: “Quais os indicadores de um desenvolvimento saudável no recém-nascido e latente nos cuidados de enfermagem?”. O segundo capítulo deste relatório contempla a reflexão sobre o desenvolvimento de competências ao longo dos diferentes contextos da prestação de cuidados de enfermagem. A prestação de cuidados na unidade de cuidados intensivos neonatais foi desafiante por ser uma área de intervenção de elevada especificidade e complexidade, porém muito gratificante por ter possibilitado prestar cuidados ao recém-nascido com necessidades especiais e a sua família, e por ter contribuído para o desenvolvimento de competências fulcrais do enfermeiro especialista. O estágio num serviço de urgência pediátrica permitiu desenvolver a capacidade de avaliar as necessidades da criança e família, de tomada de decisão e de intervenção na criança e família. A elaboração dos projetos desenvolvidos permitiu otimizar a intervenção da equipa de enfermagem no âmbito da promoção da saúde, através da capacitação parental. A prestação de cuidados numa unidade de saúde primária foi desafiante, dado que a minha experiência profissional é exclusivamente em contexto hospitalar, contudo permitiu me desenvolver competências no âmbito da avaliação das necessidades da criança e família, tomada de decisão e de intervenção na prestação de cuidados antecipatórios, promotores da saúde e do desenvolvimento da criança e do bem-estar da família. Através do percurso reflexivo exercido na realização deste relatório, foi possível compreender a importância do enfermeiro especialista enquanto dinamizador da prestação de cuidados de enfermagem e agente promotor da saúde e desenvolvimento infantil e pediátrico.
The paediatric nurse stands out for the ability to assist children and families on optimizing their health, for providing differentiated care for children and young people in complex and special health situations and for providing individualized care, adapted to the child’s developmental stage, to promote health. Health promotion is the intervention of the paediatric nurse that aims not only to optimize the family members’ health and to promote the adoption of health promotive behaviours, but also the harmony and family health, as a dynamic and changeable state of well-being that includes biological, psychological, social, spiritual and cultural factors. The first chapter of this report focus on the theoretical framework of the Health Promotion in Nursing Practice, developed by Nola Pender, who through the “Health Promotion Model” explains which factors have influence on the process of adopting health promotion behaviours and how the nurse’s intervention shall be guided to achieve those goals. Subsequently, a reflection is carried out on the relationship between the concepts of nursing diagnosis and child development, which includes a scoping review that aims to identify the available scientific evidence on the milestones of a healthy child development on the first year of life, in hospital care and primary health nursing care. This scoping review aims to answer the review question: “What are the milestones of the healthy child development of the new-born and the infant in nursing care?” The second chapter of the report includes the reflection on the skill development throughout the different nursing care contexts. The nursing care on the NICU was challenging because it’s a very specific and complex area of intervention, however it was gratifying due to the possibility of providing nursing care to the newborn with special needs and his family and due to the development of essential specialist nurse skills. Providing nursing care on a paediatric emergency ward allowed me to develop the ability to assess the needs, make decisions and intervene in the child and family. The projects developed made it possible to optimize the nursing team intervention on health promotion though parental capacity. Providing nursing care in a communitarian health centre was also very challenging, given that my professional experience is exclusively in a hospital context, however, allowed me to developed skills in the scope of assessing the needs of the child and family, decision making, and providing anticipatory nursing care to promote the health and development of the child and the well-being of the family. Thanks to the reflective process exercised in the elaboration of this report, it was possible to understand the importance of the specialist nurse as a facilitator of nursing care delivery and agent of health and child development promotion.
The paediatric nurse stands out for the ability to assist children and families on optimizing their health, for providing differentiated care for children and young people in complex and special health situations and for providing individualized care, adapted to the child’s developmental stage, to promote health. Health promotion is the intervention of the paediatric nurse that aims not only to optimize the family members’ health and to promote the adoption of health promotive behaviours, but also the harmony and family health, as a dynamic and changeable state of well-being that includes biological, psychological, social, spiritual and cultural factors. The first chapter of this report focus on the theoretical framework of the Health Promotion in Nursing Practice, developed by Nola Pender, who through the “Health Promotion Model” explains which factors have influence on the process of adopting health promotion behaviours and how the nurse’s intervention shall be guided to achieve those goals. Subsequently, a reflection is carried out on the relationship between the concepts of nursing diagnosis and child development, which includes a scoping review that aims to identify the available scientific evidence on the milestones of a healthy child development on the first year of life, in hospital care and primary health nursing care. This scoping review aims to answer the review question: “What are the milestones of the healthy child development of the new-born and the infant in nursing care?” The second chapter of the report includes the reflection on the skill development throughout the different nursing care contexts. The nursing care on the NICU was challenging because it’s a very specific and complex area of intervention, however it was gratifying due to the possibility of providing nursing care to the newborn with special needs and his family and due to the development of essential specialist nurse skills. Providing nursing care on a paediatric emergency ward allowed me to develop the ability to assess the needs, make decisions and intervene in the child and family. The projects developed made it possible to optimize the nursing team intervention on health promotion though parental capacity. Providing nursing care in a communitarian health centre was also very challenging, given that my professional experience is exclusively in a hospital context, however, allowed me to developed skills in the scope of assessing the needs of the child and family, decision making, and providing anticipatory nursing care to promote the health and development of the child and the well-being of the family. Thanks to the reflective process exercised in the elaboration of this report, it was possible to understand the importance of the specialist nurse as a facilitator of nursing care delivery and agent of health and child development promotion.
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Keywords
Promoção da saúde Desenvolvimento infantil Saúde infantil e pediátrica Intervenção de enfermagem Health promotion Child development Child and paediatric health Specialized nursing intervention