| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.18 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Nas décadas de 1980 e 1990, devido a mudanças sociais e políticas drásticas, o Partido Comunista Chinês lançou uma ‘Campanha de Educação Patriótica’ com o objetivo de legitimar o seu regime entre as gerações mais jovens. Neste contexto, uma série de manuais escolares novos, atividades curriculares e extracurriculares, e produções mediáticas nacionalistas foram feitas sob o controlo do Departamento Central de Propaganda. Esta tese estuda dois conjuntos de manuais escolares do ensino primário da disciplina de Literacia Chinesa e uma série de desenhos animados criada no contexto da Campanha de Educação Patriótica. O seu objetivo é o de revelar a relação entre propaganda e educação na RPC e as representações dos ‘heróis’ e dos ‘inimigos’ criados pelo Partido Comunista Chinês. Com este objetivo em mente, utilizo os métodos de análise do discurso e de análise multimodal. Segundo a presente investigação, os conceitos de propaganda e educação no contexto da RPC são ontologicamente permutáveis. O governo implementou o sistema de educação com o fim de realizar propaganda pró-regime, e todas as campanhas de propaganda na RPC foram realizadas em nome de e por meio da educação. Os principais ‘heróis’ criados nesta campanha são líderes chineses e estrangeiros do Partido Comunista, assim como figuras chinesas e estrangeiras relacionadas com diversas revoluções sociais, muitas das quais são também comunistas. Pelo contrário, os ‘inimigos’ criados nesta campanha, que são principalmente os ‘anti-revolucionários’ feudais e nacionalistas e os invasores imperialistas e estrangeiros cruéis, especialmente os japoneses. Todos estes grupos têm representações negativas. No entanto, existe também alguma ambiguidade nas narrativas sobre uma série de ‘heróis’ e ‘inimigos’, tais como Sun Yat-Sen e os Estados Unidos. Esta ambiguidade deve-se possivelmente à relação política e económica entre a RPC e os países ou regiões envolvidos durante este período de tempo, bem como às diferenças de narrativas e memórias coletivas criadas sobre os mesmos acontecimentos históricos por cada uma das partes.
In the 1980s and 1990s, in light of drastic social and political changes, the Chinese Communist Party launched a ‘Patriotic Education Campaign’ with the goal of legitimizing its regime among the younger generations. In this context, a host of new textbooks, curricular and extracurricular activities, and nationalistic media productions were made under the control of the Central Propaganda Department. This thesis studies two sets of elementary school textbooks of Chinese Literacy and a cartoon television series created in the context of the Patriotic Education Campaign during the 1980s and 1990s. It aims to unravel the relationship between propaganda and education in PRC and the representations of the ‘heroes’ and the ‘enemies’ created by the Chinese Communist Party. With this purpose in mind, I use the methods of discourse analysis and multimodal analysis. The present research reveals that the concepts of propaganda and education in the context of the PRC are ontologically interchangeable. The government has implemented the education system in order to conduct pro-regime propaganda, and all propaganda campaigns in the PRC have been conducted on behalf of education and by means of it. The main ‘heroes’ created in this campaign are Chinese and foreign Communist Party leaders as well as Chinese and foreign figures related to diverse social revolutions, many of which are also Communist. On the contrary, the ‘enemies’ created in this campaign, which are mainly the feudal and nationalist ‘counter-revolutionaries’ and the imperialist and ruthless foreign invaders, especially the Japanese. All of these groups have extremely negative representations. However, there also exists some ambiguity in the narratives about a number of ‘heroes’ and ‘enemies’, such as Sun Yat-Sen and the United States. This ambiguity possibly occurs due to the political and economic relationship between the PRC and the countries or regions involved during this time period, as well as to the differences of narratives and collective memories created about the same historical events by each side.
In the 1980s and 1990s, in light of drastic social and political changes, the Chinese Communist Party launched a ‘Patriotic Education Campaign’ with the goal of legitimizing its regime among the younger generations. In this context, a host of new textbooks, curricular and extracurricular activities, and nationalistic media productions were made under the control of the Central Propaganda Department. This thesis studies two sets of elementary school textbooks of Chinese Literacy and a cartoon television series created in the context of the Patriotic Education Campaign during the 1980s and 1990s. It aims to unravel the relationship between propaganda and education in PRC and the representations of the ‘heroes’ and the ‘enemies’ created by the Chinese Communist Party. With this purpose in mind, I use the methods of discourse analysis and multimodal analysis. The present research reveals that the concepts of propaganda and education in the context of the PRC are ontologically interchangeable. The government has implemented the education system in order to conduct pro-regime propaganda, and all propaganda campaigns in the PRC have been conducted on behalf of education and by means of it. The main ‘heroes’ created in this campaign are Chinese and foreign Communist Party leaders as well as Chinese and foreign figures related to diverse social revolutions, many of which are also Communist. On the contrary, the ‘enemies’ created in this campaign, which are mainly the feudal and nationalist ‘counter-revolutionaries’ and the imperialist and ruthless foreign invaders, especially the Japanese. All of these groups have extremely negative representations. However, there also exists some ambiguity in the narratives about a number of ‘heroes’ and ‘enemies’, such as Sun Yat-Sen and the United States. This ambiguity possibly occurs due to the political and economic relationship between the PRC and the countries or regions involved during this time period, as well as to the differences of narratives and collective memories created about the same historical events by each side.
Description
Keywords
Propaganda Educação Nacionalismo Heróis Inimigos Education Nationalism Heroes Enemies