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Abstract(s)
O envelhecimento demográfico e as alterações no padrão comportamental, estrutural e epidemiológico das famílias na sociedade, têm vindo a determinar novas necessidades em saúde, para as quais emerge organizar respostas mais adequadas. Para além da tradição cultural portuguesa, também as políticas de saúde e sociais aconselham a manutenção da pessoa idosa e dependente no domicílio, o que leva à diminuição de custos económicos associados a internamentos para o SNS, mas também ao aumento da qualidade emocional do próprio utente que assim se encontra rodeado por quem lhe é querido. Os profissionais de saúde e de um modo particular, os cuidados de saúde primários, devem desenvolver respostas ajustadas às necessidades de cuidados específicos dos utentes e das suas famílias prestadoras de cuidados, numa abordagem compreensiva e multidimensional, pois grande parte destes cuidadores, por diversos fatores intrínsecos ao cuidar, sentem-se incapazes de lidar com a dependência física e mental do individuo alvo de atenção, o que resulta em sobrecarga do prestador de cuidados informal. A enfermagem comunitária tem no seu contributo, uma mais-valia na sua intervenção, uma vez que com recurso à metodologia do planeamento em saúde, promove a monitorização do estado de saúde de uma população, desenvolvendo estratégias de intervenção, promovendo a capacitação para redução dos seus próprios problemas e necessidades. Estabelece, também a articulação e parcerias com os recursos existentes na comunidade, com vista à obtenção de ganhos em saúde. O projeto desenvolvido ao longo de todo o estágio baseou-se no referencial teórico que assenta no modelo conceptual de sistemas de Betty Neuman. O seu principal objetivo foi capacitar ao nível de conhecimento, do apoio psicológico e social os cuidadores informais, de acordo com as necessidades identificadas, para assim, diminuir os seus níveis de sobrecarga. O enfermeiro especialista em enfermagem comunitária, deverá conhecer a família e as suas necessidades para potenciar o exercício saudável e competente do papel de prestador de cuidados, pois uma família capacitada pode: defender os seus direitos, minimizar o stress, evitando a sobrecarga do cuidador; garantir cuidados de qualidade para o seu familiar doente e estar efetivamente incluída no processo de cuidar. Esta realidade tem levado a uma maior consciencialização da importância da manutenção da qualidade de vida de quem é cuidado, mas também de quem cuida, pois, o seu contributo é fundamental. Nunca esquecendo que quem cuida, também envelhece com todo o desgaste físico, psicológico e social, o cuidador informal deve emergir como foco de atenção para que o seu envelhecer seja com saúde, autonomia e independência, o mais tempo possível, e constitui, assim, hoje, um desafio à responsabilidade individual e coletiva, com tradução significativa no desenvolvimento económico dos países.
Demographic aging and changes in the behavioral, structural and epidemiological patterns of families in society have been determining new health needs, for which emerges to organize more adequate responses. In addition to the Portuguese cultural tradition, health and social policies also advise the maintenance of elderly and dependent people at home, which leads to a decrease in the economic costs associated with hospitalization for the NHS, but also to an increase in the emotional quality of the patient himself who is surrounded by his beloved. Health professionals and, in primary health care should develop responses adjusted to the specific care needs of users and their caregivers, in a comprehensive and multidimensional approach, since a large part of these caregivers, due to several factors intrinsic to caregiving, feel unable to cope with the individual's physical and mental dependence on care, which results in overloading the informal caregiver. Community nursing has a contribution in it´s contribution, since using the methodology of health planning, it promotes the monitoring of the health status of a population, developing intervention strategies, promoting capacity building to reduce problems and needs. It also establishes the articulation and partnerships with the existing resources in the community, in order to obtain health gains. The project developed throughout the internship was based on the theoretical reference and conceptual model of Betty Neuman. Its main objective was to train the informal caregivers, according to their needs, at the level of knowledge, psychological and social support, in order to reduce their levels of overload. The nurse specialist in community nursing should know the family and their needs to promote healthy and competent exercise of the role of caregiver, since a qualified family can: protect their rights, minimize stress, avoiding the caregiver's overload; ensure quality care for your sick relative and be effectively included in the care process. This reality has led to a greater awareness of the importance of maintaining the quality of life of those who are cared for, but also of those who care, therefore, their contribution is fundamental. Never forgetting that caregivers also age with all the physical, psychological and social exhaustion, the informal caregiver should emerge as a focus of attention, so that their aging will be done with health, autonomy and independence, as long as possible, today, a challenge to individual and collective responsibility, with significant translation in countries' economic development.
Demographic aging and changes in the behavioral, structural and epidemiological patterns of families in society have been determining new health needs, for which emerges to organize more adequate responses. In addition to the Portuguese cultural tradition, health and social policies also advise the maintenance of elderly and dependent people at home, which leads to a decrease in the economic costs associated with hospitalization for the NHS, but also to an increase in the emotional quality of the patient himself who is surrounded by his beloved. Health professionals and, in primary health care should develop responses adjusted to the specific care needs of users and their caregivers, in a comprehensive and multidimensional approach, since a large part of these caregivers, due to several factors intrinsic to caregiving, feel unable to cope with the individual's physical and mental dependence on care, which results in overloading the informal caregiver. Community nursing has a contribution in it´s contribution, since using the methodology of health planning, it promotes the monitoring of the health status of a population, developing intervention strategies, promoting capacity building to reduce problems and needs. It also establishes the articulation and partnerships with the existing resources in the community, in order to obtain health gains. The project developed throughout the internship was based on the theoretical reference and conceptual model of Betty Neuman. Its main objective was to train the informal caregivers, according to their needs, at the level of knowledge, psychological and social support, in order to reduce their levels of overload. The nurse specialist in community nursing should know the family and their needs to promote healthy and competent exercise of the role of caregiver, since a qualified family can: protect their rights, minimize stress, avoiding the caregiver's overload; ensure quality care for your sick relative and be effectively included in the care process. This reality has led to a greater awareness of the importance of maintaining the quality of life of those who are cared for, but also of those who care, therefore, their contribution is fundamental. Never forgetting that caregivers also age with all the physical, psychological and social exhaustion, the informal caregiver should emerge as a focus of attention, so that their aging will be done with health, autonomy and independence, as long as possible, today, a challenge to individual and collective responsibility, with significant translation in countries' economic development.
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Keywords
Cuidador informal Idoso Necessidades Enfermagem comunitária Informal caregiver Elderly Needs Community nursing