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Abstract(s)
Através do presente trabalho pretende-se realizar um estudo acerca de uma das garantias de processo criminal constitucionalmente consagrada: a Presunção de Inocência. Numa fase inicial, pretende-se que seja compreendida a importância do princípio em causa para qualquer Estado de Direito Democrático, trançando-se de modo geral a sua origem, a sua positivação na Lei Fundamental e o seu conteúdo. São analisados o binómio Presunção de Inocência e In Dubio Pro Reo, fornecendo-se as diferentes perspetivas doutrinárias acerca desta temática, e ambas as vertentes em que a primeira se manifesta. A segunda parte da dissertação é dedicada ao estudo da Presunção de Inocência dentro do processo,
iniciando-se a mesma por uma análise das manifestações desta no decorrer do Inquérito e da Instrução, como na aplicação das medidas de coação e na dedução de acusação/pronúncia ou arquivamento/não pronúncia, e na fase de Julgamento, com especial atenção aos juízos de pré-compreensão e à imparcialidade dos juízes. Segue-se uma breve abordagem às manifestações do princípio em causa fora do processo, pretendendo-se enaltecer especialmente o papel dos meios de comunicação social e das respetivas notícias na formação de preconceitos e de estigmas relativamente ao arguido. Conclui-se que a Presunção de Inocência não se manifesta com a mesma intensidade ao longo de todo o processo, conhecendo o seu expoente máximo de aplicação na fase de Julgamento; e que, no que diz respeito às suas manifestações fora do processo, a mesma se trata, maioritariamente, de ficção legal.
This paper aims to carry out a study on one of the guarantees of criminal procedure constitutionally enshrined: the Presumption of Innocence. In an initial phase, it is crutial to understand the importance of the principle in question for any Democratic State under the rule of law, by outlining in general terms its origin, its positivisation in the Basic Law and its content. The binomial Presumption of Innocence and In Dubio Pro Reo is also analysed, providing the different doctrinal perspectives on this theme, and both the ways in which the former manifests itself. The second part of the dissertation is dedicated to the study of the Presumption of Innocence within the process, beginning with an analysis of its manifestations during the enquiry and fact-finding, such as in the trial phase, with special attention to the pre-understanding judgments and the impartiality of the judges. This is followed by a brief approach to the expressions of the principle in question outside the proceedings, with a particular emphasis on the role of the media and the respective sensationalist news in the formation of prejudices and stigmas in relation to the accused. It is concluded that the Presumption of Innocence does not manifest itself with the same intensity throughout the process, reaching its maximum expression of the application in the trial phase; and that, as far as its manifestations outside the process are concerned, it is merely a legal fiction.
This paper aims to carry out a study on one of the guarantees of criminal procedure constitutionally enshrined: the Presumption of Innocence. In an initial phase, it is crutial to understand the importance of the principle in question for any Democratic State under the rule of law, by outlining in general terms its origin, its positivisation in the Basic Law and its content. The binomial Presumption of Innocence and In Dubio Pro Reo is also analysed, providing the different doctrinal perspectives on this theme, and both the ways in which the former manifests itself. The second part of the dissertation is dedicated to the study of the Presumption of Innocence within the process, beginning with an analysis of its manifestations during the enquiry and fact-finding, such as in the trial phase, with special attention to the pre-understanding judgments and the impartiality of the judges. This is followed by a brief approach to the expressions of the principle in question outside the proceedings, with a particular emphasis on the role of the media and the respective sensationalist news in the formation of prejudices and stigmas in relation to the accused. It is concluded that the Presumption of Innocence does not manifest itself with the same intensity throughout the process, reaching its maximum expression of the application in the trial phase; and that, as far as its manifestations outside the process are concerned, it is merely a legal fiction.
Description
Keywords
Presunção de inocência In Dubio Pro Reo Processo penal Medidas de coação Indícios suficientes Pré-juízos Publicidade Segredo de justiça Presumption of innocence Criminal procedure Coercive measures Sufficient evidence Prejudgements Publicness principle Legal confidentiality