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Abstract(s)
As expressões culturais tradicionais e os conhecimentos tradicionais são parte integrante da herança cultural de um povo e refletem a identidade coletiva do mesmo. A cultura em que estas expressões e conhecimentos se inserem é, já, tutelada a um nível constitucional, incumbindo ao Estado proteger e salvaguardá-la, enquanto bem jurídico, e ao património cultural, material e imaterial. A presente dissertação propõe-se a analisar a proteção das expressões culturais tradicionais ao nível da Propriedade Intelectual, por forma a permitir às comunidades locais, que criaram e protegeram estas expressões do seu património cultural, beneficiar de proteção contra a apropriação indevida e controlar o uso que é feito das mesmas. Para tal, acreditamos que a relação entre as regras de Propriedade Intelectual e a proteção pretendida das expressões culturais tradicionais deve ser construída partindo de um balanço entre, por um lado, a sua preservação e salvaguarda e, por outro, a livre partilha de experiências culturais, impulsionando a criatividade e a inovação, sem as quais tais expressões acabariam por “morrer”. Com este objetivo em mente, começamos por identificar brevemente a tutela oferecida à cultura e ao património cultural imaterial, pelo direito público. Em seguida, procuramos identificar os elementos essenciais das expressões culturais tradicionais, comparando-as ao conhecimento tradicional, e sublinhando as iniciativas legislativas nacionais e internacionais para proteger estes produtos. Por fim, debruçamo-nos, em mais extensão, na análise dos regimes jurídicos em vigor no ordenamento jurídico português suscetíveis de proteger as expressões culturais tradicionais. Desta forma, percorreremos os regimes jurídicos existentes, analisando-os como possíveis formas de proteção daquelas expressões, apresentando as suas vantagens e desvantagens.
Traditional cultural expressions and traditional knowledge are an inherent component of a people's cultural heritage and reflect their collective identity. The culture in which these expressions and knowledge are embedded are already protected at a constitutional level, being the State responsible for protecting and safeguarding culture, as a legal good, as well as the material and immaterial cultural heritage. This dissertation proposes to analyze the protection of traditional cultural expressions at the level of Intellectual Property, in order to allow local communities, who have created and protected these expressions of their cultural heritage, to benefit from protection against misappropriation and to control their use. To this end, we believe that the relationship between Intellectual Property rules and the intended protection of TCE should be constructed taking into consideration the balance between, on one hand, the safeguarding and preservation of cultural expressions and, on the other, the free exchange of cultural experience, as a form of creativity and innovation, without which such expressions would eventually “die”. With this objective in mind, we begin by briefly identifying the protection offered to culture and intangible cultural heritage by public law. Next, we seek to identify the essential elements of traditional cultural expressions, comparing them to traditional knowledge, and highlighting national and international legislative initiatives to protect these products. Finally, we turn, at greater length, to an analysis of the legal regimes in force under Portuguese Intellectual Property Law that are likely to protect traditional cultural expressions. Therefore, we will go through the existing legal frameworks, analyzing them as possible ways of protecting those expressions, presenting their advantages and disadvantages.
Traditional cultural expressions and traditional knowledge are an inherent component of a people's cultural heritage and reflect their collective identity. The culture in which these expressions and knowledge are embedded are already protected at a constitutional level, being the State responsible for protecting and safeguarding culture, as a legal good, as well as the material and immaterial cultural heritage. This dissertation proposes to analyze the protection of traditional cultural expressions at the level of Intellectual Property, in order to allow local communities, who have created and protected these expressions of their cultural heritage, to benefit from protection against misappropriation and to control their use. To this end, we believe that the relationship between Intellectual Property rules and the intended protection of TCE should be constructed taking into consideration the balance between, on one hand, the safeguarding and preservation of cultural expressions and, on the other, the free exchange of cultural experience, as a form of creativity and innovation, without which such expressions would eventually “die”. With this objective in mind, we begin by briefly identifying the protection offered to culture and intangible cultural heritage by public law. Next, we seek to identify the essential elements of traditional cultural expressions, comparing them to traditional knowledge, and highlighting national and international legislative initiatives to protect these products. Finally, we turn, at greater length, to an analysis of the legal regimes in force under Portuguese Intellectual Property Law that are likely to protect traditional cultural expressions. Therefore, we will go through the existing legal frameworks, analyzing them as possible ways of protecting those expressions, presenting their advantages and disadvantages.
Description
Keywords
Expressões culturais tradicionais Conhecimento tradicional Proteção positiva Direitos de propriedade intelectual Direitos de autor Desenhos ou modelos Marcas Marcas coletivas Marcas de certificação ou de garantia Indicações geográficas e denominações de origem Traditional cultural expressions Traditional knowledge Positive protection Intellectual property rights Copyright Designs Trademarks Collective trademarks Guarantee or certification marks Geographical indications and denominations of origin