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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Os media são elementos fundamentais na construção de significados, representações e
agenda da actualidade. O seu poder é inegável na representação de eventos, fenómenos,
pessoas ou grupos, também étnicos ou religiosos. Este poder estende-se aos opinion makers
e à sua produção, que se pressupõe como legítima e credível, servindo como barómetro para
a opinião pública. Islão e muçulmanos, segundo a literatura científica, tendem a ser
representados pelos media ditos “ocidentais” de uma forma negativa, sendo associados a
temas como conflito, terrorismo, intolerância e extremismo. Mais ainda, são frequentemente
representados como uma massa homogénea e tratados com alteridade. A produção científica
indica que os produtores de opinião que escrevem sobre o Islão em Portugal não são
especialistas no tema. Igualmente, indica que o Islão português é praticamente invisível nos
media e que existe a ideia não-fundamentada cientificamente de que está “bem integrado”.
Esta dissertação analisa a forma como Islão e muçulmanos são tratados pelo jornalismo de
opinião em Portugal, durante dez anos (2010-2020), nas versões online dos jornais
portugueses o Público, o Correio da Manhã, o Diário de Notícias e o Jornal de Notícias e
no jornal electrónico Observador. Por meio de uma metodologia mista, que combina análise
de conteúdo com análise crítica de discurso, são analisados o tratamento temático e
discursivo desta cobertura jornalística que engloba 494 artigos de opinião. Identifica, ainda,
os mais frequentes opinion makers sobre o tema do Islão em Portugal, chegando à conclusão
de que não são, na sua maioria, especialistas no assunto. O estudo demonstra que as
representações do Islão e dos muçulmanos são redutoras e maioritariamente associadas ao
terrorismo e às diferenças de valores, partindo sempre de uma lógica de alteridade, e sendo
quase nula aquela feita sobre o Islão português. Mais, os artigos revelam existir a
pressuposição de uma identidade cristã/católica nacional.
The media are fundamental elements in the construction of meanings, representations, and current agenda. Their power is undeniable in the representation of events, phenomena, people or groups, whether ethnic or religious. This power extends to opinion makers and their production, which is assumed to be legitimate and credible, serving as a barometer for public opinion. Islam and Muslims, according to scientific literature, tend to be represented by the so-called “Western” media in a negative way, being associated with topics such as conflict, terrorism, intolerance and extremism. Furthermore, they are often represented as a homogeneous mass and treated with altrity. Scientific production indicates that opinion makers who write about Islam in Portugal are not experts on the subject. Likewise, it shows that Portuguese Islam is practically invisible in the media and that there is a scientifically unfounded idea that it is “well integrated”. This dissertation analyzes the way in which Islam and Muslims are treated by opinion journalism in Portugal, for ten years (2010-2020), in the online versions of the Portuguese newspapers, Público, Correio da Manhã, Diário de Notícias and Jornal de Notícias, and in the electronic newspaper Observador. Through a mixed methodology, which combines content analysis with critical discourse analysis, the thematic and discursive treatment of this journalistic coverage are analyzed, encompassing 494 opinion articles. It also identifies the most frequent opinion makers on the topic of Islam in Portugal, concluding that the vast majority are not experts on the subject. This research demonstrates that the representations of Islam and Muslims are reductive and mostly associated with terrorism and differences in values, always from a perspective of alterity, and Portuguese Islam shows no representative presence. Furthermore, the articles reveal that there is an assumption of a national Christian/Catholic identity.
The media are fundamental elements in the construction of meanings, representations, and current agenda. Their power is undeniable in the representation of events, phenomena, people or groups, whether ethnic or religious. This power extends to opinion makers and their production, which is assumed to be legitimate and credible, serving as a barometer for public opinion. Islam and Muslims, according to scientific literature, tend to be represented by the so-called “Western” media in a negative way, being associated with topics such as conflict, terrorism, intolerance and extremism. Furthermore, they are often represented as a homogeneous mass and treated with altrity. Scientific production indicates that opinion makers who write about Islam in Portugal are not experts on the subject. Likewise, it shows that Portuguese Islam is practically invisible in the media and that there is a scientifically unfounded idea that it is “well integrated”. This dissertation analyzes the way in which Islam and Muslims are treated by opinion journalism in Portugal, for ten years (2010-2020), in the online versions of the Portuguese newspapers, Público, Correio da Manhã, Diário de Notícias and Jornal de Notícias, and in the electronic newspaper Observador. Through a mixed methodology, which combines content analysis with critical discourse analysis, the thematic and discursive treatment of this journalistic coverage are analyzed, encompassing 494 opinion articles. It also identifies the most frequent opinion makers on the topic of Islam in Portugal, concluding that the vast majority are not experts on the subject. This research demonstrates that the representations of Islam and Muslims are reductive and mostly associated with terrorism and differences in values, always from a perspective of alterity, and Portuguese Islam shows no representative presence. Furthermore, the articles reveal that there is an assumption of a national Christian/Catholic identity.
Description
Keywords
Media Representação Alteridade Islão Muçulmanos Jornais Imprensa Discurso Representation Alterity Islam Muslims Newspapers Press Discourse