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A institucionalização do associativismo escotista em Portugal abriu um novo modelo de enquadramento social da juventude. Um projeto educativo apoiado desde o início por várias fações republicanas, e logo no término da Monarquia em 1910, já que objetivava a um novo e moderno arquétipo europeu de cidadania, pátria e civilização, sob modelos específicos de género, raça e inicialmente sem qualquer conotação com o universo católico. A transmissão cultural do scouting, e como a juventude portuguesa o adotou, introduz-se nos mais recentes debates historiográficos sobre o papel dos movimentos sociais na construção moderna dos futuros cidadãos. As investigações ao método escotista em Portugal têm sido feitas sobretudo a partir da história da educação, no entanto faltava ainda um novo olhar estendido à sua génese. Essa perspectiva permite responder às capacidades de resistência contra as políticas juvenis de absorção estatal com a instauração das Mocidades Portuguesas tanto em Portugal como no império. Desta forma, selecionou-se o período entre 1911 e 1939 para observar como as ideias de Robert Baden-Powell foram aceites em Portugal, se materializaram e se institucionalizaram, e como os representantes associativos se articularam e se adaptaram aos vários regimes políticos vigentes. Esta observação permite perceber a exclusividade do caso português dentro das geografias ditatoriais europeias, sendo Portugal o único país do Velho Mundo a tolerar a existência do associativismo escotista lado a lado com as juventudes estatais.
The institutionalization of boy-scouting associations in Portugal opened a new model of social framing for youth. An educational project supported by several republican factions since the beginnings, in the transition from monarchy to republic in 1910, as it aimed at a new and modern European archetype of citizenship, fatherland and civilization, under specific models of gender, race and, at least initially, without any connotation with the Catholic universe. The cultural transmission of scouting, and how Portuguese youth adopted it, is one of the relevant topics in the most recent historiographical debates about the role of social movements in the modern construction of future citizens. The main research into the Scouting method in Portugal has been carried out mostly from the history of education, however, a new look at its genesis was still missing. This perspective allows it to respond to the resistance capabilities against juvenile policies of state absorption, with the establishment of the Mocidades Portuguesas, both in metropole as in the empire. In this way, the period between 1911 and 1939 it is crucial and was selected to observe how Robert Baden-Powell's ideas were accepted in Portugal, got materialized and institutionalized, and how association representatives articulated and adapted to the various established political regimes. This observation allows us to understand the exclusivity of the Portuguese case within European dictatorial geographies, with Portugal being the only country in the continent to tolerate the existence of Scout associations, side by side with the state youth.
The institutionalization of boy-scouting associations in Portugal opened a new model of social framing for youth. An educational project supported by several republican factions since the beginnings, in the transition from monarchy to republic in 1910, as it aimed at a new and modern European archetype of citizenship, fatherland and civilization, under specific models of gender, race and, at least initially, without any connotation with the Catholic universe. The cultural transmission of scouting, and how Portuguese youth adopted it, is one of the relevant topics in the most recent historiographical debates about the role of social movements in the modern construction of future citizens. The main research into the Scouting method in Portugal has been carried out mostly from the history of education, however, a new look at its genesis was still missing. This perspective allows it to respond to the resistance capabilities against juvenile policies of state absorption, with the establishment of the Mocidades Portuguesas, both in metropole as in the empire. In this way, the period between 1911 and 1939 it is crucial and was selected to observe how Robert Baden-Powell's ideas were accepted in Portugal, got materialized and institutionalized, and how association representatives articulated and adapted to the various established political regimes. This observation allows us to understand the exclusivity of the Portuguese case within European dictatorial geographies, with Portugal being the only country in the continent to tolerate the existence of Scout associations, side by side with the state youth.
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Keywords
Juventude Escotismo Guidismo Portugal Império Youth Boy-scouting Girl-guiding Empire