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Nesta Dissertação abordamos o tema do consentimento no âmbito sexual e a sua importância para a determinação da existência ou ausência de crime. Estudamos a adequação das alterações legislativas no Código Penal português ao alcance dos objetivos traçados pelo artigo 36.º da Convenção de Istambul, Tratado do qual Portugal é EstadoParte. Uma vez que o ordenamento jurídico português adotou um modelo de consentimento aparentemente distinto daquele que a Convenção impõe, comparamos os dois e percebemos que existem diferenças entre ambos que deixam, possivelmente, que condutas dignas de criminalização escapem impunes. Para algumas pessoas, a remoção não consensual do preservativo – isto é, o stealthing – poderá ser uma destas condutas. Realizamos um estudo de Direito Comparado que nos permitiu concluir que o stealthing é um tema que, juridicamente, ainda está na sua infância, havendo decisões judiciais finais condenatórias deste crime apenas na Suíça, na Alemanha, na Nova Zelândia e no Reino Unido, e legislação que especificamente o menciona na Califórnia (Estados Unidos da América) e no Território da Capital Australiana (Austrália). Feito este estudo, perguntamo-nos se esta conduta poderia ser enquadrada no Código Penal Português atual. Existem divergências, mas, na nossa perspetiva, o stealthing poderá ser incluído no artigo 164.º, n.º 1 do Código Penal, que prevê o crime da violação.
In this Dissertation we address the issue of consent in the sexual sphere and its importance for the determination of the existence or absence of crime. We studied the adequacy of the legislative changes in the Portuguese Penal Code to the reaching of the objectives outlined by article 36 of the Istanbul Convention, a Treaty to which Portugal is a State-Party. Since the Portuguese legal system has adopted a model of consent that is apparently different from the one imposed by the Convention, we compare the two and realize that there are differences between them that could, possibly, allow conducts worthy of criminalization to go unpunished. For some people, non-consensual condom removing – that is, stealthing – may be one of these conducts. We carried out a study of Comparative Law that allowed us to conclude that stealthing is a topic that, legally, is still very much in its infancy, with final judicial decisions condemning this crime only in Switzerland, Germany, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, and legislation specifically mentioning it in California (United States of America) and the Australian Capital Territory (Australia). Having done this study, we asked ourselves if this conduct could be included in the current Portuguese Penal Code. There are differences of opinions, however, in our view, stealthing could be comprehended within the article 164, no.1 of the Penal Code, which establishes the crime of rape.
In this Dissertation we address the issue of consent in the sexual sphere and its importance for the determination of the existence or absence of crime. We studied the adequacy of the legislative changes in the Portuguese Penal Code to the reaching of the objectives outlined by article 36 of the Istanbul Convention, a Treaty to which Portugal is a State-Party. Since the Portuguese legal system has adopted a model of consent that is apparently different from the one imposed by the Convention, we compare the two and realize that there are differences between them that could, possibly, allow conducts worthy of criminalization to go unpunished. For some people, non-consensual condom removing – that is, stealthing – may be one of these conducts. We carried out a study of Comparative Law that allowed us to conclude that stealthing is a topic that, legally, is still very much in its infancy, with final judicial decisions condemning this crime only in Switzerland, Germany, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, and legislation specifically mentioning it in California (United States of America) and the Australian Capital Territory (Australia). Having done this study, we asked ourselves if this conduct could be included in the current Portuguese Penal Code. There are differences of opinions, however, in our view, stealthing could be comprehended within the article 164, no.1 of the Penal Code, which establishes the crime of rape.
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Consentimento Constrangimento Convenção de Istambul Violação Liberdade sexual Consent Constraint Istanbul Convention Rape Stealthing Sexual freedom