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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Iron (Fe) deficiency is an important agricultural concern that leads to lower yields and crop quality. A better
understanding of the condition at the metabolome level could contribute to the design of strategies to ameliorate Fe-deficiency
problems. Fe-sufficient and Fe-deficient soybean leaf extracts and whole leaves were analyzed by liquid 1H nuclear magnetic
resonance (NMR) and high-resolution magic-angle spinning NMR spectroscopy, respectively. Overall, 30 compounds were
measurable and identifiable (comprising amino and organic acids, fatty acids, carbohydrates, alcohols, polyphenols, and others),
along with 22 additional spin systems (still unassigned). Thus, metabolite differences between treatment conditions could be
evaluated for different compound families simultaneously. Statistically relevant metabolite changes upon Fe deficiency included
higher levels of alanine, asparagine/aspartate, threonine, valine, GABA, acetate, choline, ethanolamine, hypoxanthine, trigonelline,
and polyphenols and lower levels of citrate, malate, ethanol, methanol, chlorogenate, and 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate. The data
indicate that the main metabolic impacts of Fe deficiency in soybean include enhanced tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, enhanced
activation of oxidative stress protection mechanisms and enhanced amino acid accumulation. Metabolites showing accumulation
differences in Fe-starved but visually asymptomatic leaves could serve as biomarkers for early detection of Fe-deficiency stress.
Description
Keywords
Chlorosis Fe deficiency Glycine max (soybean) Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) High-resolution magic-angle spinning (HRMAS) Metabolomics Multivariate analysis
Citation
LIMA, Marta R. M… [et al.] - Nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics of iron deficiency in soybean leaves. Journal of Proteome research. ISSN 1535-3907. Vol. 13, n.º 6 (2014), p. 3075–3087
Publisher
American Chemical Society