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Abstract(s)
Considerando a situação do contexto histórico sociopolítica de África, de prevalência do subdesenvolvimento, não obstante os inúmeros recursos naturais de altos valores económicos de que o continente africano dispõe, investiga-se,
nesta dissertação, as razões objetivas porque falham os governos africanos, propondo-se uma análise política do contexto angolano a partir
do conceito de «sociedade bem ordenada» de John Rawls. Com vista a dar respostas mais adequadas e possíveis para inverter tal quadro, a presente dissertação tem como objetivo compreender o processo histórico político, económico e social de Angola. A investigação baseou-se na leitura e análise de diversas obras literárias e documentos diversos, seguindo os métodos hermenêutico, dedutivo e indutivo. O processo de investigação desenvolveu-se
em três capítulos. No primeiro, estudou-se fundamentalmente a situação angolana, estudo do qual aurimos resultados que apontam a exploração colonial (de recursos naturais e o tráfico de escravos), as guerras de libertação e civil, nepotismos, o elitismo, a corrupção e a petro dependência como as principais razões da decadência sociopolítico do país. O segundo capítulo aponta a justiça social, a justiça como equidade fundamento da sociedade bem ordenada (cujos membros trabalham para a maximização do bem estar todos e aceitam ser
regidos pela mesma conceção pública de justiça) e a garantia, satisfação e promoção dos direitos e capacidades centrais como elementos substanciais para o progresso, como políticas filosóficas para o desenvolvimento. Finalmente, para contrapor a gestão danosa (de políticas e instituições extrativas) que vai adiando o desenvolvimento, o terceiro capítulo propõe a aplicação de políticas inclusivas, considerando que a democracia, as políticas e instituições inclusivas e plurais, a democratização e descentralização das intuições públicas, uma forte aposta e
investimento na educação integral dos membros da sociedade constituem os indicativos mais razoáveis para se alcançar o desenvolvimento, procurando garantir que o aumento de PIB se reflita no IDH.
Considering the situation of the sociopolitical historical context of Africa, of prevalence of underdevelopment, despite the countless natural resources of high economic values that the African continent has, this dissertation investigates the objective reasons why African governments fail, proposing a political analysis of the Angolan context based on John Rawls' concept of «well-ordered society». With a view to providing more appropriate and possible answers to reverse this situation, this dissertation aims to understand the political, economic and social historical process in Angola. The investigation was based on the reading and analysis of several literary works and documents, following hermeneutic, deductive and inductive methods. The research process was developed in three chapters. In the first, the Angolan situation was fundamentally studied, a study from which we obtained results that point to colonial exploitation (of natural resources and slave trafficking), the liberation and civil wars, nepotism, elitism, corruption and petrodependence as the main reasons for the country's sociopolitical decadence. The second chapter points to social justice, justice as an equitable foundation of a wellordered society (whose members work to maximize wellbeing and accept to be governed by the same public conception of justice) and the guarantee, satisfaction and promotion of rights and core capabilities as substantial elements for progress, as philosophical policies for development. Finally, to counteract the harmful management (of extractive policies and institutions) that postpones development, the third chapter proposes the application of inclusive policies, considering that democracy, inclusive and plural policies and institutions, the democratization and decentralization of public intuitions , a strong focus and investment in the comprehensive education of members of society constitute the most reasonable indications for achieving development, seeking to ensure that the increase in GDP is reflected in the HDI.
Considering the situation of the sociopolitical historical context of Africa, of prevalence of underdevelopment, despite the countless natural resources of high economic values that the African continent has, this dissertation investigates the objective reasons why African governments fail, proposing a political analysis of the Angolan context based on John Rawls' concept of «well-ordered society». With a view to providing more appropriate and possible answers to reverse this situation, this dissertation aims to understand the political, economic and social historical process in Angola. The investigation was based on the reading and analysis of several literary works and documents, following hermeneutic, deductive and inductive methods. The research process was developed in three chapters. In the first, the Angolan situation was fundamentally studied, a study from which we obtained results that point to colonial exploitation (of natural resources and slave trafficking), the liberation and civil wars, nepotism, elitism, corruption and petrodependence as the main reasons for the country's sociopolitical decadence. The second chapter points to social justice, justice as an equitable foundation of a wellordered society (whose members work to maximize wellbeing and accept to be governed by the same public conception of justice) and the guarantee, satisfaction and promotion of rights and core capabilities as substantial elements for progress, as philosophical policies for development. Finally, to counteract the harmful management (of extractive policies and institutions) that postpones development, the third chapter proposes the application of inclusive policies, considering that democracy, inclusive and plural policies and institutions, the democratization and decentralization of public intuitions , a strong focus and investment in the comprehensive education of members of society constitute the most reasonable indications for achieving development, seeking to ensure that the increase in GDP is reflected in the HDI.
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Keywords
Contexto sociopolítico angolano Desenvolvimento sociopolítico Políticas inclusivas Sociedade bem ordenada Capacidades centrais Democracia e educação John Rawls Martha C. Nussbaum Angolan sociopolitical context Sociopolitical development Inclusive policies Well-ordered society Core capabilities Democracy and education