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O Regulamento (UE) n.º 650/2012 do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho de 4 de julho de 2012, relativo à competência, à lei aplicável, ao reconhecimento e execução das decisões e à aceitação e execução dos atos autênticos em matéria de sucessões e criação de um Certificado Sucessório Europeu, estabelece um conjunto de objetivos, sendo de destacar, o de contribuir para o desenvolvimento de um espaço de liberdade, segurança e justiça, o de facilitar o funcionamento do mercado interno e o de possibilitar a organização antecipada da sucessão. A concretização destes objetivos agilizou a harmonização do direito conflitual, unificou a lei aplicável à sucessão e reforçou a autonomia privada do autor da sucessão. No entanto, subsistem algumas dificuldades na sua aplicação, designadamente, a persistência na invocação da diversidade dos diferentes ordenamentos jurídicos que se manifesta na possibilidade de aplicar a clássica cláusula de ordem pública internacional (ordre public) e o recurso à exceção de fraude à lei, que evidenciam uma desconfiança perante o cidadão que exerce o seu direito de livre circulação. Os problemas suscitados pela aplicação do RES devem ser resolvidos à luz dos seus objetivos, de propiciar a autonomia privada do autor da sucessão e incentivar a livre circulação de pessoas e não de a dificultar.
The Regulation (EU) Nº 650/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 July 2012 on jurisdiction, applicable law, recognition and enforcement of decisions and acceptance and enforcement of authentic instruments in matters of succession and on the creation of European Certificate of Succession, establishes a set of objectives, including contributing to the development of an area of freedom, security, and justice, to facilitate the functioning of the internal market and to enable the organization of the succession in advance. The achievement of these objectives streamlined the harmonization of conflict of-laws, unified the applicable law to the succession, and strengthened the private autonomy of the person whose estate is involved. However, there are still some difficulties in its application, namely, the persistence in invoking diversity among most laws, which is manifested in the possibility of applying the classic clause of public policy (ordre public) and the fraude à la loi, which demonstrate a lack of trust towards the citizen who exercises their right of free movement. The problems raised by the application of the RES should be resolved in light of its objectives, to promote the private autonomy of the person whose estate is involved and to encourage the free movement of persons, not to hinder it.
The Regulation (EU) Nº 650/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 July 2012 on jurisdiction, applicable law, recognition and enforcement of decisions and acceptance and enforcement of authentic instruments in matters of succession and on the creation of European Certificate of Succession, establishes a set of objectives, including contributing to the development of an area of freedom, security, and justice, to facilitate the functioning of the internal market and to enable the organization of the succession in advance. The achievement of these objectives streamlined the harmonization of conflict of-laws, unified the applicable law to the succession, and strengthened the private autonomy of the person whose estate is involved. However, there are still some difficulties in its application, namely, the persistence in invoking diversity among most laws, which is manifested in the possibility of applying the classic clause of public policy (ordre public) and the fraude à la loi, which demonstrate a lack of trust towards the citizen who exercises their right of free movement. The problems raised by the application of the RES should be resolved in light of its objectives, to promote the private autonomy of the person whose estate is involved and to encourage the free movement of persons, not to hinder it.
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Regulamento europeu das sucessões Sucessão transfronteiriça Autonomia privada Livre circulação de pessoas Professio iuris Ordem pública internacional Fraude à lei European succession regulation Cross-border succession Private autonomy Free movement of persons Professio iuris International public policy Fraude à la loi