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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Enquadramento Teórico: As queixas subjetivas de memória (QSM) podem ser
consideradas um dos primeiros sinais de alerta de uma doença neurodegenerativa.
Contudo, estas podem ser influenciadas não só pelas capacidades objetivas de memória
como por outros fatores como a sintomatologia depressiva ou a perceção de saúde do
próprio. Para além dos fatores mencionados, este estudo pretende ainda averiguar a
importância da Reserva Cognitiva (RC), ou seja, fatores como a escolaridade, ocupação
profissional e atividades de tempo livre, no surgimento das QSM. Por fim, pode haver
diferenças entre os fatores que originam as QSM, consoante a idade do sujeito,
pretendendo-se investigar as diferenças entre duas faixas etárias (< 65 anos e ≥65 anos)
de forma a clarificar esta variável pouco mencionada na literatura.
Metodologia: Este estudo transversal conta com uma amostra de conveniência
constituída por 100 participantes, com idades compreendidas entre os 50 e os 82 anos.
Foram aplicadas as provas PRMQ e o CRIq, para avaliar as QSM e a RC, respetivamente,
juntamente com provas objetivas de memória (M. L. I & RBMT), de funcionamento
executivo (TMT) e medidas de sintomatologia depressiva (GDS15) e de perceção de
saúde.
Resultados: Foi encontrada uma associação forte entre o número de queixas de
memória (PRMQ) e a RC (CRIq) (r=-.485), a sintomatologia depressiva (GDS15)
(r=.434) e a prova de Memória Lógica de evocação imediata (r=-.468). Dentro da RC,
os domínios que se revelaram mais preditivos das queixas de memória foram as atividades
de tempo livre e a ocupação laboral. Quando a amostra foi dividida nos dois grupos
segundo as idades, os fatores que explicaram o surgimento das QSM no grupo mais novo
foram a prova M.L. I e a GDS15, enquanto que no grupo mais velho (≥65 anos) foram a
RC e a medida objectiva de Memória Prospetiva (RBMT).
Conclusões: Para além das associações com a sintomatologia depressiva e
medidas objetivas de memória, a RC demonstrou ser a variável mais preditiva das QSM,
podendo influenciar assim a relação entre as medidas objetivas e subjetivas de memória.
O grupo mais jovem demonstra uma maior ligação com fatores psicológicos enquanto
que o grupo mais velho realça uma maior ligação com medidas objetivas, que podem ser
influenciadas pelos processos de compensação associados à RC.
Theoretical Background: Subjective memory complaints (QSM) can be considered one of the first warning signs for a neurodegenerative disorder. However, these can be influenced not only by objective memory capacities but also by other factors such as depressive symptomatology or one's own health perception. In addition to the mentioned factors, this study intends to ascertain the importance of the Cognitive Reserve (CR), that is, factors such as education, professional occupation and free time activities, in the emergence of QSM. Finally, since there may be differences between the factors that give rise to the QSM, depending on the age of the subject, this study also analyzes the differences between two age groups (<65 years and ≥65 years) to clarify this variable little mentioned in the literature. Method: This cross-sectional study has a convenience sample of 100 participants aged between 50 and 82 years. The PRMQ and CRIq tests were used to evaluate the QSM and CR, respectively, along with objective memory tests (M.L. I & RBMT), executive functioning (TMT) and measures of depressive symptomatology (GDS15) and own health perception. Results: A strong association was found between the number of memory complaints (PRMQ) and the CR (CRIq) (r=-.485), the depressive symptomatology (GDS15) (r=.434) and the immediate recall of the Logical Memory test (r=-.468). Within the CR, the domains that proved to be most predictive were leisure activities and professional occupation. When the sample was divided into the two groups by age, the factors that explained the appearance of the QSM in the younger group were the M.L. I test and the GDS15, while in the older group (≥65 years) were CR and the test of Prospective Memory. Conclusions: In addition to associations with depressive symptomatology and objective measures of memory, CR has been shown to be the most predictive variable in the onset of QSM, which may influence the relationship between objective and subjective measures of memory. Given the age of the subjects, the younger group shows a greater connection with psychological factors, while the older group emphasizes a greater connection with objective measures, which can be influenced by the compensation processes associated with CR.
Theoretical Background: Subjective memory complaints (QSM) can be considered one of the first warning signs for a neurodegenerative disorder. However, these can be influenced not only by objective memory capacities but also by other factors such as depressive symptomatology or one's own health perception. In addition to the mentioned factors, this study intends to ascertain the importance of the Cognitive Reserve (CR), that is, factors such as education, professional occupation and free time activities, in the emergence of QSM. Finally, since there may be differences between the factors that give rise to the QSM, depending on the age of the subject, this study also analyzes the differences between two age groups (<65 years and ≥65 years) to clarify this variable little mentioned in the literature. Method: This cross-sectional study has a convenience sample of 100 participants aged between 50 and 82 years. The PRMQ and CRIq tests were used to evaluate the QSM and CR, respectively, along with objective memory tests (M.L. I & RBMT), executive functioning (TMT) and measures of depressive symptomatology (GDS15) and own health perception. Results: A strong association was found between the number of memory complaints (PRMQ) and the CR (CRIq) (r=-.485), the depressive symptomatology (GDS15) (r=.434) and the immediate recall of the Logical Memory test (r=-.468). Within the CR, the domains that proved to be most predictive were leisure activities and professional occupation. When the sample was divided into the two groups by age, the factors that explained the appearance of the QSM in the younger group were the M.L. I test and the GDS15, while in the older group (≥65 years) were CR and the test of Prospective Memory. Conclusions: In addition to associations with depressive symptomatology and objective measures of memory, CR has been shown to be the most predictive variable in the onset of QSM, which may influence the relationship between objective and subjective measures of memory. Given the age of the subjects, the younger group shows a greater connection with psychological factors, while the older group emphasizes a greater connection with objective measures, which can be influenced by the compensation processes associated with CR.
Description
Keywords
Queixas subjetivas de memória Reserva cognitiva Doença de Alzheimer Memory subjective complaints Cognitive reserve Alzheimer's disease