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Abstract(s)
Como consequência da exodontia ocorrem algumas alterações dimensionais no osso alveolar. Estas alterações estão relacionadas com a cicatrização alveolar em que, invariavelmente, ocorre reabsorção óssea. A altura do rebordo alveolar vestibular e palatina e das cristas ósseas inter-proximais, bem como a dimensão vestíbulo-palatina/lingual do alvéolo constituem as principais alterações nas dimensões alveolares causadas pela reabsorção óssea.
Estas alterações devem ser bem conhecidas para o correto planeamento cirúrgico e protético da área edêntula e podem ser prevenidas ou corrigidas por técnicas de preservação alveolar.
Um grupo de pacientes foi submetido a avaliação pós-exodontia na Consulta de Cirurgia Oral da Clínica Dentária Universitária da Universidade Católica Portuguesa – Viseu. Em cada paciente foi extraído por técnica fechada um dente maxilar situado na região compreendida entre o dente 1.5 e 2.5 com indicação de exodontia previamente definida e em que se verificava a presença de dentes adjacentes. Procedeu-se à exclusão de todos os pacientes que apresentavam condição sistémica ou fatores locais que potenciem a reabsorção óssea.
Foram avaliadas as alterações dimensionais ósseas verticais e horizontais e a altura da gengiva aderida em três tempos distintos, no momento da exodontia (Baseline), 1 mês após a exodontia (T1) e 3 meses após a exodontia (T2).
De acordo com a bibliografia estudada os resultados foram previsíveis, verificando-se que no geral existiu perda óssea vertical e horizontal, sendo a perda óssea vertical a alteração mais acentuada. Verificou-se também a existência de correlação entre a perda de volume ósseo horizontal e a diminuição da altura da gengiva aderida.
As a consequence of dental extractions some dimensional changes occur in the alveolar bone. These changes are related to alveolar bone healing in which invariably occurs alveolar bone resorption. The labial and palatine height of alveolar ridge and interproximal bone crests, as well as labial-palatine/lingual dimension represent the main alveolar bone dimensional changes caused by bone resorption. Such alterations should be well known for the correct surgical and prosthetic planning and could be prevented or corrected by alveolar bone preservation techniques. A group of patients was submitted to post-extraction evaluation in the Oral Surgery appointment at the University Dental Clinic of the Catholic University of Portugal in Viseu. In each patient was extracted, by a flapless technique, a single maxillary tooth, with the presence of adjacent teeth, located in the region between 15 and 25 with extraction indication previously defined. Patients with systemic condition or local factors that enhance bone resorption were excluded. The assessment of vertical and horizontal bone dimensional changes and height of the attached gingiva was assessed in three different times: at the time of extraction (baseline), one month after extraction (T1) and three months after extraction (T2). According to several studies the results were predictable. There was vertical and bone loss, with higher vertical bone loss incidence. There was also a correlation between the loss of horizontal bone volume and decrease of the height of attached gingiva.
As a consequence of dental extractions some dimensional changes occur in the alveolar bone. These changes are related to alveolar bone healing in which invariably occurs alveolar bone resorption. The labial and palatine height of alveolar ridge and interproximal bone crests, as well as labial-palatine/lingual dimension represent the main alveolar bone dimensional changes caused by bone resorption. Such alterations should be well known for the correct surgical and prosthetic planning and could be prevented or corrected by alveolar bone preservation techniques. A group of patients was submitted to post-extraction evaluation in the Oral Surgery appointment at the University Dental Clinic of the Catholic University of Portugal in Viseu. In each patient was extracted, by a flapless technique, a single maxillary tooth, with the presence of adjacent teeth, located in the region between 15 and 25 with extraction indication previously defined. Patients with systemic condition or local factors that enhance bone resorption were excluded. The assessment of vertical and horizontal bone dimensional changes and height of the attached gingiva was assessed in three different times: at the time of extraction (baseline), one month after extraction (T1) and three months after extraction (T2). According to several studies the results were predictable. There was vertical and bone loss, with higher vertical bone loss incidence. There was also a correlation between the loss of horizontal bone volume and decrease of the height of attached gingiva.
Description
Keywords
Osso alveolar Alterações dimensionais Exodontia Reabsorção óssea Preservação óssea Alveolar bone Dimensional changes Dental extraction Bone resorption Bone preservation