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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Os ecrãs estão hoje por toda a parte. No nosso dia-a-dia encontramo-nos cada vez mais
diante deles, e as previsões parecem apontar para a intensificação da tendência. Se a nossa
vida está hoje eminentemente dentro do ecrã, por ele recebendo informação e acedendo ao
outro e ao mundo, através dele construindo narrativas e a própria mundividência, devemos
considerar que essa relação, tendencialmente permanente e ubíqua, influirá sobre as
configurações da sociedade, modelando comportamentos e relações interpessoais.
Para discutir e caracterizar os esquemas de controlo e vigilância possibilitados pela
rede de ecrãs, propomos reflectir acerca das sociedades disciplinares, através de Foucault,
das sociedades de controlo, com Deleuze, e dos seus contributos para pensar a actual
sociedade ocidental, que identificamos como ecranizada. Neste âmbito, revisitamos o
conceito de panóptico, de Jeremy Bentham, identificando a sua existência hoje enquanto
panóptico digital, e dialogando com abordagens próximas, de autores contemporâneos,
nomeadamente Ganascia e Mann, através das noções de sousveillance e catopticon,
inversos da vigilância e do panóptico na sua acepção tradicional. A nossa perspectiva,
porém, distingue-se no posicionamento em relação ao fenómeno, identificando o poder
pela vigilância como algo que circula, disseminado por todo o tecido social, operando-se
em todas as direcções e em simultâneo, a partir do momento em que todos os indivíduos
integram de forma alargada a rede, manejando os seus ecrãs individuais e sendo
convocados noutros.
Através da análise de literatura de autores das teorias da comunicação, filosofia e
sociologia, clássicos e contemporâneos, e, num segundo momento, através de entrevistas
realizadas a utilizadores comuns de ecrãs e especialistas que com eles lidem, procuramos
demonstrar a complexa e performativa relação entre os indivíduos e os ecrãs, e como estes
segundos podem influir sobre a vida dos primeiros. Assinalando a necessidade de conhecer
uma (hiper)realidade que hoje parece submergir os indivíduos, é nosso objectivo contribuir
para futuras investigações na área, oferecendo um prisma pelo qual nos parece legítimo e
útil abordar o fenómeno, numa sociedade crescentemente preocupada com a segurança e
com a circulação da informação, e onde, cada vez mais, ver parece implicar ser visto.
Screens are everywhere. In our daily lives, we find ourselves progressively in front of them, and this trend is predicted to escalate. Today, our life seems to be found eminently inside screens, since it is through them that we receive information, access the world and contact other individuals, shaping the way we experience and view the world. Thus, this increasingly permanent and ubiquitous relationship between screen and individual must be thought to have an impact on how society is molded, on individual behaviours and interpersonal relationships. In order to discuss and characterize the ways control and surveillance are made possible by today’s network of screens in our screened society, we will refer to Foucault’s disciplinary societies and Deleuze’s control societies. In the same line of thought, we shall address Jeremy Bentham’s panopticon, which we propose still in existence, presently in a digital setup. We will also refer to contemporary approaches on the subject, namely Ganascia’s and Mann’s, who speak of sousveillance and catopticon, reversing the concepts of surveillance and panopticon. Our viewpoint is slightly different, though. We think of surveillance and power through screens as something which circulates across the entire social fabric, operating in every direction and simultaneously, since every individual is currently part of the network and both manages his own screens and is summoned by others. We aim at portraying the intricate and performative relationship between screens and individuals and how the first may influence the life of the latters. This ought to be achieved through a literature analysis of communication sciences, filosophy and sociology authors, both classic and contemporary, and by means of interviews with common users and experts working with screens. Depicting the need to better understand this (hiper)reality which pervades the entire society, it is our objective to contribute to future investigations on the topic. Here, we provide an outlook which we consider appropriate and useful to approach this phenomenon, in a society increasingly concerned about security and information flows, where the act of seeing seems to progressively imply being seen.
Screens are everywhere. In our daily lives, we find ourselves progressively in front of them, and this trend is predicted to escalate. Today, our life seems to be found eminently inside screens, since it is through them that we receive information, access the world and contact other individuals, shaping the way we experience and view the world. Thus, this increasingly permanent and ubiquitous relationship between screen and individual must be thought to have an impact on how society is molded, on individual behaviours and interpersonal relationships. In order to discuss and characterize the ways control and surveillance are made possible by today’s network of screens in our screened society, we will refer to Foucault’s disciplinary societies and Deleuze’s control societies. In the same line of thought, we shall address Jeremy Bentham’s panopticon, which we propose still in existence, presently in a digital setup. We will also refer to contemporary approaches on the subject, namely Ganascia’s and Mann’s, who speak of sousveillance and catopticon, reversing the concepts of surveillance and panopticon. Our viewpoint is slightly different, though. We think of surveillance and power through screens as something which circulates across the entire social fabric, operating in every direction and simultaneously, since every individual is currently part of the network and both manages his own screens and is summoned by others. We aim at portraying the intricate and performative relationship between screens and individuals and how the first may influence the life of the latters. This ought to be achieved through a literature analysis of communication sciences, filosophy and sociology authors, both classic and contemporary, and by means of interviews with common users and experts working with screens. Depicting the need to better understand this (hiper)reality which pervades the entire society, it is our objective to contribute to future investigations on the topic. Here, we provide an outlook which we consider appropriate and useful to approach this phenomenon, in a society increasingly concerned about security and information flows, where the act of seeing seems to progressively imply being seen.
Description
Keywords
Ecrã Ecranização Sociedade ecranizada Sociedades disciplinares Sociedades de controlo Panóptico Panóptico digital Vigilância Controlo Poder Screen Screenness Screened Disciplinary societies Control societies Panopticon Digital panopticon Surveillance Power