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A pirataria no Golfo da Guiné : como precaver a intensificação do fenómeno da insegurança no Golfo da Guiné e reconduzir a região a uma situação de estabilidade e segurança?
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Abstract(s)
A África é um Continente de significativa relevância internacional pelo seu interesse geopolítico, pela relevância dos recursos naturais que dispõe e ligação histórica aos países Ocidentais. A sua heterogeneidade, diversidade étnica e religiosa, e crescimento demográfico intenso têm representado uma panóplia de desafios que põem em causa a paz e o desenvolvimento sustentável. O seu historial de conflitos, combinado com o subdesenvolvimento de algumas regiões, a pobreza, a corrupção e o crime organizado representam a face dramática de um continente em busca de equilíbrios e soluções.
Hoje, a África Ocidental é vista como uma prioridade elevada na política externa dos grandes atores internacionais, não só pelos seus recursos naturais mas também pelos inúmeros “espaços não governados” existentes na região.
No mundo globalizado, onde grande parte do comércio internacional é feito via marítima, os oceanos são cada vez mais um fator fundamental para o desenvolvimento. A ausência de controlo político nestas áreas torna-as férteis para o crescimento de atividades criminosas e do terrorismo, como acontece no Golfo da Guiné.
A importância geopolítica e geoeconómica da região da África Ocidental tem vindo assim a captar atenção da comunidade internacional.
Nos últimos anos, a região tem vindo assistir a um aumento gradual da pirataria, facto que coloca em risco importantes vias marítimas internacionais e o transporte de petróleo na região, ameaçando a segurança e a paz no Atlântico Sul. Encontrar as razões que levam à prática da pirataria não é fácil, porém para uma melhor compreensão é essencial a análise do contexto social, político, económico e de segurança dos principais países desta região.
Africa is a continent of significant international importance because of its geopolitical interest, the relevance of its natural resources, and its historic link to Western countries. Its heterogeneity, ethnic and religious diversity and intense population growth have represented a panoply of challenges that challenge peace and sustainable development. Its history of conflicts, combined with the underdevelopment of some regions, poverty, corruption and organized crime represent the dramatic side of a continent in search of equilibrium and solutions. Today, West Africa is seen as a high priority in the foreign policy of the great international actors, not only due to its natural resources but also the innumerable "non-governed spaces" to be found in the region. In the globalized world, where much international trade is done by sea, the oceans are increasingly a key factor for development. The lack of political control in these areas makes them fertile for the growth of criminal activity and terrorism, as in the Gulf of Guinea. The geopolitical and geo-economic importance of the West African region has thus drawn attention from the international community. In recent years, the region has witnessed a gradual increase in piracy, which endangers important international shipping routes and the transport of oil in the region, threatening security and peace in the South Atlantic. Finding the reasons that lead to the practice of piracy is not easy, but for the sake of improved understanding it is essential to analyze the social, political, economic and security context of the main countries of this region.
Africa is a continent of significant international importance because of its geopolitical interest, the relevance of its natural resources, and its historic link to Western countries. Its heterogeneity, ethnic and religious diversity and intense population growth have represented a panoply of challenges that challenge peace and sustainable development. Its history of conflicts, combined with the underdevelopment of some regions, poverty, corruption and organized crime represent the dramatic side of a continent in search of equilibrium and solutions. Today, West Africa is seen as a high priority in the foreign policy of the great international actors, not only due to its natural resources but also the innumerable "non-governed spaces" to be found in the region. In the globalized world, where much international trade is done by sea, the oceans are increasingly a key factor for development. The lack of political control in these areas makes them fertile for the growth of criminal activity and terrorism, as in the Gulf of Guinea. The geopolitical and geo-economic importance of the West African region has thus drawn attention from the international community. In recent years, the region has witnessed a gradual increase in piracy, which endangers important international shipping routes and the transport of oil in the region, threatening security and peace in the South Atlantic. Finding the reasons that lead to the practice of piracy is not easy, but for the sake of improved understanding it is essential to analyze the social, political, economic and security context of the main countries of this region.
Description
Keywords
Golfo da Guiné Pirataria marítima Nigéria Petróleo Direito do Mar Segurança marítima Gulf of Guinea Maritime piracy Nigeria Oil Law of the Sea Maritime security