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Introdução: Nos cuidados paliativos, ainda não há práticas uniformizadas e instrumentos ditos “standard” para avaliar os sintomas mais prevalentes. Surge então um problema e uma necessidade nesta área. Como tal, de seguida será apresentada uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre instrumentos de avaliação utilizados em investigação de três sintomas: anorexia, caquexia e xerostomia.
Metodologia: Foram privilegiadas as fontes primárias de investigação, com recurso a livros e artigos científicos originais dos autores de referência, de publicações periódicas obtidas através da PubMed e EBSCO publicados nos últimos 15 anos, na língua portuguesa, inglesa, francesa e espanhola. Foi ainda utilizado o motor de busca Google, como complemento.
Resultados: Dos estudos encontrados, foram selecionados 10 artigos para o estudo da anorexia, 2 artigos para o estudo da caquexia e 4 artigos para estudo da xerostomia. As características psicométricas dos instrumentos foram tidas em conta bem como a sua validação para a população portuguesa. Os instrumentos que integram o estudo variam entre instrumentos unidimensionais, multidimensionais e instrumentos de qualidade de vida.
Conclusões: A utilização de instrumentos de avaliação de sintomas é ainda pouco explorada a nível da investigação internacional e nacional. Através do estudo realizado conclui-se que não há instrumentos considerados “standard” para a avaliação da anorexia, caquexia e xerostomia. Os instrumentos utilizados a nível internacional e validados para a população portuguesa são de difícil acesso, e não se utilizam nas unidades de saúde. Não é possível comparar a eficácia e a efetividade de intervenções a nível nacional, pois não existe instrumentos de avaliação uniformizados. Há um longo caminho a percorrer para cumprir as recomendações da Organização Mundial de Saúde no que diz respeito aos Cuidados Paliativos.
Introduction: In palliative care, there is still no uniform practices and such instruments "standard" to assess the most prevalent symptoms. There is then a problem and a necessity in this area. As such, we present a systematic review of the literature on assessment tools used in research of three symptoms: anorexia, cachexia and xerostomia. Methodology: The primary sources of research were privileged, using books and original scientific articles of the authors of reference, periodicals obtained through PubMed and EBSCO published in the last 15 years, in Portuguese, English, French and Spanish. It was also used the Google search as a complement. Results: Of the studies found, 10 articles were selected for the study of anorexia, 2 articles for the study of cachexia and 4 articles for the study of xerostomia. The psychometric characteristics of the instruments have been taken into account as well as its validation for the Portuguese population. The instruments of the study vary between dimensional instruments, multidimensional instruments and quality of life measurement instruments. Conclusions: The use of symptom assessment tools is still little explored in international and national research. Through the studies it was concluded that there are no instruments considered "standard" for the evaluation of anorexia, cachexia and xerostomia. The instruments used at international level and validated for the Portuguese population are difficult to access, and not used in healthcare facilities. You can not compare the efficacy and effectiveness of interventions at national level, as there are no standardized assessment tools. There is a long way to go to meet the World Health Organization recommendations with regard to palliative care.
Introduction: In palliative care, there is still no uniform practices and such instruments "standard" to assess the most prevalent symptoms. There is then a problem and a necessity in this area. As such, we present a systematic review of the literature on assessment tools used in research of three symptoms: anorexia, cachexia and xerostomia. Methodology: The primary sources of research were privileged, using books and original scientific articles of the authors of reference, periodicals obtained through PubMed and EBSCO published in the last 15 years, in Portuguese, English, French and Spanish. It was also used the Google search as a complement. Results: Of the studies found, 10 articles were selected for the study of anorexia, 2 articles for the study of cachexia and 4 articles for the study of xerostomia. The psychometric characteristics of the instruments have been taken into account as well as its validation for the Portuguese population. The instruments of the study vary between dimensional instruments, multidimensional instruments and quality of life measurement instruments. Conclusions: The use of symptom assessment tools is still little explored in international and national research. Through the studies it was concluded that there are no instruments considered "standard" for the evaluation of anorexia, cachexia and xerostomia. The instruments used at international level and validated for the Portuguese population are difficult to access, and not used in healthcare facilities. You can not compare the efficacy and effectiveness of interventions at national level, as there are no standardized assessment tools. There is a long way to go to meet the World Health Organization recommendations with regard to palliative care.
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Keywords
Cuidados paliativos Cuidados ao doente terminal Doença terminal Revisão sistemática Instrumentos Anorexia Caquexia Xerostomia Palliative care Terminal care Terminally Ill Hospice care Systematic review Tools Anorexia Cachexia Xerostomia