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Abstract(s)
O presente estudo pretendeu fornecer uma definição dos componentes da comunicação não verbal e a sua importância no processo comunicativo durante a consulta de Medicina Dentária.
Baseado numa temática dinâmica, começa-se por uma reflexão sobre a complexidade da comunicação humana, vista como um todo integrado de formas de comportamento e processada em dois níveis: o verbal e o não verbal. É sobre este último que este estudo incide, evidenciando investigações levadas a cabo nesta área. Desta forma, na comunicação não verbal, descartada de palavras, toda a informação é obtida por meio de sinais vocálicos, aparência física, cinética, proxémica, contacto físico, cronémica e artefactos. Um outro aspecto avaliado é o estabelecimento de contacto visual e a importância que desempenha na comunicação não verbal.
Finalmente, a reflexão dá lugar a um estudo exploratório de comunicação não verbal nomeadamente dos aspectos proxémicos no âmbito da Medicina Dentária. Para tal, foi efectuada a videogravação de vinte consultas decorridas na Clínica Dentária Universitária, Centro Regional das Beiras, da Universidade Católica Portuguesa. Foram efectuadas filmagens no contexto de diversas áreas médico-dentárias, elaborando-se posteriormente fotogramas onde se mediram distâncias de interacção e ângulos do contacto ocular formados entre os intervenientes. Seguiu-se um tratamento dos resultados obtidos por um pequeno questionário entregue aos pacientes.
Da descrição quantitativa e análise comparativa destes, constatou-se a inexistência de diferenças globais entre os médicos do género feminino e do género masculino, ano frequentado e área disciplinar. As observações efectuadas permitiram perceber que as distâncias existentes entre médico e paciente são a íntima (de 15 a 40cm) e a pessoal (de 45 a 125cm).
Concluiu-se, assim, que, apesar das pequenas diferenças observadas, o comportamento não verbal dos médicos desta amostra não difere em termos de nível de execução.
The present study seeks to provide a definition of the nonverbal components of communication and its importance in the communicative process in the context of consultation in Dentistry. Based on a dynamic theme, it begins by reflecting on the complexity of human communication, seen as an integrated whole of forms of behavior and processed at two levels: verbal and nonverbal. It is on the latter that this study focuses, highlighting research studies conducted in this area. Thus, regarding non-verbal communication, stripped of words, all information is obtained by means of vocal signs, physical appearance, kinetics, proxemics, physical contact, chronemics and (social) artifacts. Another aspect is the establishment of eye contact and the importance it plays in nonverbal communication. Finally, reflection gives rise to an exploratory study of nonverbal communication, namely the proxemic aspects in Dentistry. To this end, a video recording was made of twenty consultations in the Clínica Dentária Universitária, from the Centro Regional das Beiras – Universidade Católica Portuguesa. Shots were taken in the context of various medical and dental areas, later obtaining frames where distances of interaction and eye contact angles formed between the doctor and patient were measured. This was followed by analysis of the results obtained from a short questionnaire given to patients. From the quantitative description and comparative analysis of these, it was found that there are no overall differences between doctors in gender, year attended or subject area. The observations led to realize that the distance between doctor and patient are the intimate space (15 to 40cm) and the personal space (45 to 125cm). It was therefore concluded that, despite slight differences, nonverbal behavior of physicians in this sample did not differ in terms of level of performance.
The present study seeks to provide a definition of the nonverbal components of communication and its importance in the communicative process in the context of consultation in Dentistry. Based on a dynamic theme, it begins by reflecting on the complexity of human communication, seen as an integrated whole of forms of behavior and processed at two levels: verbal and nonverbal. It is on the latter that this study focuses, highlighting research studies conducted in this area. Thus, regarding non-verbal communication, stripped of words, all information is obtained by means of vocal signs, physical appearance, kinetics, proxemics, physical contact, chronemics and (social) artifacts. Another aspect is the establishment of eye contact and the importance it plays in nonverbal communication. Finally, reflection gives rise to an exploratory study of nonverbal communication, namely the proxemic aspects in Dentistry. To this end, a video recording was made of twenty consultations in the Clínica Dentária Universitária, from the Centro Regional das Beiras – Universidade Católica Portuguesa. Shots were taken in the context of various medical and dental areas, later obtaining frames where distances of interaction and eye contact angles formed between the doctor and patient were measured. This was followed by analysis of the results obtained from a short questionnaire given to patients. From the quantitative description and comparative analysis of these, it was found that there are no overall differences between doctors in gender, year attended or subject area. The observations led to realize that the distance between doctor and patient are the intimate space (15 to 40cm) and the personal space (45 to 125cm). It was therefore concluded that, despite slight differences, nonverbal behavior of physicians in this sample did not differ in terms of level of performance.
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Keywords
Medicina dentária Relação médico-paciente Comunicação em saúde Comunicação não verbal Proxémica Dentistry Doctor-patient relationship Health communication Nonverbal communication Proxemics